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Cooleemee

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Coordinates: 35°51′12″N 80°24′36″W / 35.8534°N 80.4100°W / 35.8534; -80.4100
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For the town, see Cooleemee, North Carolina.

Cooleemee
Cooleemee drawing from 1963
Cooleemee is located in North Carolina
Cooleemee
Cooleemee is located in the United States
Cooleemee
LocationTerminus of SR 1812, Mocksville, North Carolina
Coordinates35°51′12″N 80°24′36″W / 35.8534°N 80.4100°W / 35.8534; -80.4100
Built1853–1855
ArchitectWilliam H. Ranlett
Architectural styleAnglo-Grecian villa
NRHP reference No.73001334[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMarch 20, 1973[1]
Designated NHLJune 2, 1978[2]

Cooleemee (/ˈkuːlɪmiː/),[3] also known as the Cooleemee Plantation House, is a house located between Mocksville and Lexington, North Carolina, at the terminus of SR 1812 (Peter Hairston Rd.) on the Yadkin River in Davie County, North Carolina. It is a U.S. National Historic Landmark, designated in 1978 for its architecture.

History

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The house's floor plan in the shape of a Greek cross, with four equal wings extending from an octagonal core, is based on a published design by William H. Ranlett, The Architect (New York) 1847, Vol. I, Plate 32, published again in Godey's Lady's Book, January 1850; the Godey's Lady's Book engravings were framed and kept in the house.[4][5] The house is an "Anglo-Grecian Villa", built in the shape of a Greek cross between 1853 and 1855 by Peter and Columbia Stuart[6] Hairston. The builder Peter Wilson Hairston[7] a white Superior Court judge in North Carolina, who had inherited Cooleemee from his grandfather, was a central figure in Henry Wiencek's telling of the family's story.

Members of the Hairston family and friends seated in front of the house in 1893
Public sale of Hairston lands, Forsyth County, North Carolina, 1888

The house is built from approximately 300,000 bricks made on site.[8] Cooleemee Plantation was founded by Colonel Jesse A. Pearson who took part in the capture of approximately 600 tribal Creek Indians during the War of 1812. The Indians known as "Kulimi", a tribe of the Creek nation, were from the village of "Cooleeme" near the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers. The Creek word means "the place where the white oaks grow". Upon his return in 1814, he named his existing plantation "Cooleemee Hill". In 1817, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and four-time state legislator, Peter Hairston, purchased the 2,500-acre (10 km2) Cooleemee Hill Plantation for $8 per acre – $20,000 total.[9] In addition to the plantation house, in 1860 there were twenty-three slave dwellings at Cooleemee. The principal crop at Cooleemee was tobacco.[10]

In 1997, the Hairston family, who still owned the house,[11] donated a conservation easement to The LandTrust for Central North Carolina, which helped preserve the house and property against development. At that time, the plantation included 1,900 acres (7.7 km2) of farmland (down from 4,200 acres (17 km2) at its peak),[12] surrounded by a two-mile (3 km) stretch of the Yadkin River supporting more than 200 species of bird.[13]

Cooleemee Plantation was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.[2][4]

Family

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In 1999, Henry Wiencek published The Hairstons: An American Family In Black And White,[14] which told the story of the Hairston family, which continues to own Cooleemee, and of the plantation and its history over the past 150 years.[15] This family, with black and white branches due to slavery, have continued to hold reunions at Cooleemee that honor their family's history and roots in the region.[12] Wiencek, in the course of his preparation for this book, witnessed what he considered to be extraordinary interactions between members of the Hairston Family.[16] In the course of his research, Wiencek learned that the Hairstons were not only the largest slaveholding family in the South, but also slave traders.[17]

Peter Wilson Hairston, the latest Hairston to own the property at the end of the 20th century, published a book in 1986 accounting the history of the family's enslaved people,[18] which helped other research into the family and the property. Hairston died in February 2007 in the same bed in which he was born.[19]

Archaeology

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About 175 arrowheads that were found on the western side of the Yadkin River at Cooleemee Plantation were classified by Dr. Joffre L. Coe of the University of North Carolina, and Dr. James Bingham, former President of the North Carolina Archaeological Society. The arrowheads, which were from different peoples and of different times, were dated from approximately 7000 BCE to the 18th century. Several specimens exist which date from 8000 to 8500 years old with the eldest, a Hardaway Point, being dated at 9000 years old.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Cooleemee". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 20, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  3. ^ Talk Like A Tarheel Archived 2013-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, from the North Carolina Collection's website at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2013-02-08.
  4. ^ a b Staff, Survey and Planning Unit, North Carolina State Department of Archives and History (July 20, 1972). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Cooleemee (pdf). National Park Service.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and Accompanying five photos, aerial, exterior and interior, from 1972, 1973 and undated (32 KB)
  5. ^ McFarland, Kenneth (Fall 2006). "The Travels of Frederick Law Olmsted in the Antebellum South" (PDF). Magnolia. XX (4): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  6. ^ Mrs Hairston was a sister of J.E.B. Stuart, later a Confederate general.
  7. ^ Peter Wilson Hairston Papers, University Libraries, University of North Carolina
  8. ^ "Chamber of Commerce - Community Profile". Davie County. 2002. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  9. ^ Wall, James (1969). The History of Davie County in the Forks of the Yadkin. Mocksville, NC: Davie County Historical Publishing Association. pp. 92, 95.
  10. ^ In 1860 the census-taker estimated 60,000 pounds of tobacco on the plantation, according to the National Historic Landmark summary listing.
  11. ^ "Cooleemee Preservation a Credit to the Hairstons". The News & Record. January 16, 1997.
  12. ^ a b Tomasson, Robert (September 10, 1989). "1,400 Hairstons Honor Kinship Born of Slavery". The New York Times. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  13. ^ Thiede, Barbara (March 30, 1997). "Plantation Spared from Development". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved August 24, 2008.[dead link]
  14. ^ Wiencek, Henry (2000). The Hairstons: An American Family In Black And White. Macmillan. ISBN 0312253931.
  15. ^ Snider, William (April 18, 1999). ""The Hairstons" is a Remarkable Story, and it's all there in Black and White". The News & Record.
  16. ^ Wheelan, Joe (May 9, 1999). "Told in Black and White Author Relates History of Southern Plantation Family". Akron-Beacon Journal. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  17. ^ Kissell, Howard (February 21, 1999). "Slavery's Living Legacy 'Hairstons' Spans 200 Years of Race Relations". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  18. ^ Hairston, Peter Wilson (1986). The Cooleemee Plantation and Its People. Davidson County Community College. ISBN 0894592467.
  19. ^ Wilson, Patrick (February 8, 2007). "Peter Hairston Dies at Davie Plantation". Winston-Salem Journal. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  20. ^ Wall, James (1969). The History of Davie County in the Forks of the Yadkin. Mocksville, NC: Davie County Historical Publishing Association. p. 8.
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