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List of victims of Nazism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, were murdered by the Nazi regime. It includes those murdered in the Holocaust, as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II. Those killed in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.

Performing arts

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Hana Brady 1931–1944 Czech Portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
René Blum 1878–1942 French Founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo Jewish Murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp
Arthur Bergen 1875–1943 Austrian Actor, director Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp
Egon Friedell 1878–1938 Austrian Actor, cabaret performer Jewish Suicide to avoid arrest by Sturmabteilung
Eugen Burg 1871–1944 German Film actor Jewish Died at an unknown concentration camp
Ernst Arndt 1861-1942/3 German Actor Jewish Murdered in the gas chamber at Treblinka concentration camp
Maria Bard 1900–1944 German Actress political reasons Suicide in Berlin for "political reasons" [citation needed]
Lea Deutsch 1927–1943 Croatian Child actress Jewish Heart failure on route to the Auschwitz concentration camp
Max Ehrlich 1892–1944 German Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
Lisl Frank 1911–1944 Czech Dancer, cabaret singer Jewish Forced death march from Auschwitz to Christianstadt
Kurt Gerron 1897–1944 German Performer, actor, film director Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
Dora Gerson 1899–1943 German Actress, cabaret singer Jewish Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp
John Gottowt 1881–1942 Austro-Hungarian Actor Jewish Murdered by SS in Wieliczka
Joachim Gottschalk 1904–1941 German Actor Jewish family Suicide in Berlin to avoid arrest [citation needed]
Leslie Howard 1893–1943 British Actor Jewish Airplane shot down by Luftwaffe
Georg John 1879–1941 German Actor Jewish Łódź Ghetto
Salomon Meyer Kannewasser 1916–1945 Dutch Jazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones' Jewish Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen
Paul Morgan 1886–1938 Austrian Actor, cabaret performer Jewish Buchenwald concentration camp
Bernard Natan 1886–1942 Franco-Romanian Film director, actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp
Joseph Schmidt 1904–1942 Ukrainian Singer, actor Jewish Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad
Fritz Spira 1881–1943 Austrian Film and stage actor Jewish Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina
Mathilde Sussin 1876–1943 Austrian Actress Jewish Theresienstadt concentration camp
Arnold Siméon van Wesel 1918–1945 Dutch Jazz singer. Part of the duo Johnny & Jones Jewish Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen
Miklós Vig 1898–1944 Hungarian Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary Jewish Shot in Budapest by members of the Arrow Cross
Karel Hašler 1879–1941 Czech Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter patriotic songs Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
Otto Wallburg 1899–1944 German Actor and cabaret performer Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp
Witold Zacharewicz 1914–1943 Polish Actor aiding Jews Auschwitz concentration camp
Max Zilzer 1868–1943 Hungarian-German Actor Jewish Died under interrogation by the Gestapo [where?]

Literature and publishing

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Anne Frank 1929–1945 German / Dutch author of a published diary Jewish typhus at Bergen-Belsen
Else Feldmann 1884–1942 Austrian writer and journalist Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór
Egon Friedell 1878–1938 Austrian writer and philosopher Jewish suicide to avoid deportation
Peter Hammerschlag 1902–1942 Austrian writer and graphic artist Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear, Auschwitz
Lidia Zamenhof 1904–1942 Polish work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Baháʼí Faith writings Jewish gas chamber at Treblinka
Jura Soyfer 1912–1939 Austrian journalist, writer Jewish typhus at Buchenwald
Itzhak Katzenelson 1886–1944 Belarusian teacher, writer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Petr Ginz 1928–1944 Czech editor of Vedem Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Julius Fučík 1903–1943 Czech resistance leader Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia hanged at Plötzensee Prison
Milena Jesenská 1896–1944 Czech journalist Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia kidney failure at Ravensbrück concentration camp
Paul Kornfeld 1889–1942 Czech writer Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear
Karel Poláček 1892–1944 Czech writer Jewish died in Gleiwitz concentration camp
Vladislav Vančura 1891–1942 Czech writer, doctor Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range
Etty Hillesum 1914–1943 Dutch writer, diary author Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear
Helga Deen 1925–1943 Dutch author of a published diary Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór
Jaap Nunes Vaz 1906-1943 Dutch editor of Het Parool Jewish Sobibor
Hélène Berr 1921–1945 French author of a published diary Jewish died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
Jacques Decour 1910–1942 French writer, resistance leader French Resistance executed by firing squad [where?]
Robert Desnos 1900–1945 French poet, resistance fighter French Resistance typhoid few weeks after the liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp
Benjamin Fondane 1898–1944 French poet, literary critic Jewish, French Resistance gas chamber at Auschwitz
Régis Messac 1893–1945 French writer French Resistance died at either the Groß-Rosen or Dora concentration camp
Walter Benjamin 1892–1940 German literary critic and philosopher Jewish suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation
Felix Fechenbach 1894–1933 German journalist and activist Jewish executed during the deportation to Dachau
Walter Hasenclever 1890–1940 German expressionist writer Jewish suicide to avoid deportation
Jakob van Hoddis 1887–1942 German writer Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór
Jochen Klepper 1903–1942 German writer Jewish family suicide in Berlin
Erich Knauf 1895–1944 German journalist, poet making jokes about the Nazi regime beheaded at Brandenburg-Görden Prison
Clementine Krämer 1873–1942 German author, poet, social worker Jewish died at Theresienstadt
Adam Kuckhoff 1887–1943 German writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism died in detention, circumstances unclear
Erich Mühsam 1878–1934 German writer, anarchist Jewish executed at Plötzensee Prison
Willi Münzenberg 1889–1940 German publisher, politician Communist murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp
Friedrich Münzer 1868–1942 German philologist Jewish enteritis at Theresienstadt
Carl von Ossietzky 1889–1938 German journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner exposing the clandestine German re-armament tuberculosis [where?]
Erich Salomon 1886–1944 German photojournalist Jewish died in detention, circumstances unclear
Libertas Schulze-Boysen 1913–1942 German film critic, resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed at Plötzensee Prison
Miklós Radnóti 1909–1944 Hungarian poet Jewish shot into a mass grave near Abda, Hungary
Antal Szerb 1901–1945 Hungarian writer, literary scholar Jewish beaten to death in a concentration camp in Balf
Mordechai Gebirtig 1877–1942 Polish Yiddish poet, musician and composer Jewish shot dead in the Krakow Ghetto
Bruno Schulz 1892–1942 Polish writer Jewish shot dead in the ghetto at Drohobycz
Debora Vogel 1902–1942 Polish poet, philosopher Jewish shot in the Lwów ghetto
Willi Schmid 1893–1934 German music critic mistaken identity accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity
Martha Wertheimer 1890–1942 German journalist Jewish a Kindertransport director, sent to Sobibor extermination camp
Elena Shirman 1908–1942 Russian poet Jewish beaten to death in Rostov Oblast, Russia
Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger 1924–1942 Romanian writer Jewish typhus at the Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine
David Vogel 1891–1944 Russian Hebrew writer Jewish tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp
Anton de Kom 1898–1945 Surinamese author, human rights activist Dutch resistance died in detention, circumstances unclear, Neuengamme
Irène Némirovsky 1903–1942 Ukrainian-French writer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Else Ury 1877–1943 German writer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Renia Spiegel 1924–1942 Polish author of a published diary Jewish shot dead in Przemyśl

Visual arts and design

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis 1896–1944 Austrian artist Jewish gas chamber in Auschwitz
Josef Čapek 1887–1945 Czech painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia typhoid fever at Bergen-Belsen
Fiszel Zylberberg-Zber 1909–1942 Polish Woodcuts artist and painter Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Frania Hart 1896–1943 Polish/French painter Jewish unknown
Abraham Icek Tuschinski 1886–1942 Dutch designer of the Tuschinski Theater Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Max Jacob 1876–1944 French artist Jewish pneumonia at Drancy
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner 1880–1938 German painter German resistance to Nazism suicide due to persecution, Davos
Julius Klinger 1876–1942 Austrian artist/designer Jewish
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler 1899–1940 German painter Action T4 Aktion T4 victim at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre
Jacob Mącznik 1905–1945 Polish painter Jewish slave labor at Ebensee division of Mauthausen[1]
Samuel J. de Mesquita 1868–1944 Dutch painter and designer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Max van Dam 1910–1943 Dutch painter Jewish died as one of the few inmates at Sobibor
Marianne Franken 1884-1945 Dutch painter Jewish Bergen-Belsen
Mommie Schwarz 1876-1942 Dutch painter Jewish Auschwitz
Else Berg 1877-1942 Dutch painter Jewish Auschwitz
Martin Monnickendam 1874-1943 Dutch painter Jewish suspicious circumstances prior to deportation
Felix Nussbaum 1904–1944 Austrian painter Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Karl Pärsimägi 1902–1942 Estonian painter French Resistance Auschwitz
Heinrich Rauchinger 1858–1942 Polish/Austrian painter Jewish Theresienstadt
Jan Rubczak 1884–1942 Polish painter, graphic artist Polish intelligentsia gas chamber at Auschwitz
Charlotte Salomon 1917–1943 German painter Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Ljuba Monastirskaja 1906–1941 Latvian textile artist Jewish killed at the Rumbula massacre
Otti Berger 1898–1944 Hungarian textile artist Jewish Auschwitz
Paul Guermonprez 1908–1944 Dutch photographer, graphic artist Dutch resistance Shot by the SS near Bloemendaal

Music

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Pavel Haas 1899–1944 Czech composer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Heinz Alt 1922–1945 German composer Jewish Dachau
Ernst Bachrich 1892–1942 Austrian composer ? Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp
Al Bowlly 1898–1941 South African/British vocalist The Blitz killed by a Luftwaffe parachute mine in London
Žiga Hirschler 1894–1941 Croatian composer Jewish Jasenovac concentration camp
Rudolf Karel 1880–1945 Czech composer Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia dysentery at Theresienstadt
Gideon Klein 1919–1945 Czech composer Jewish killed during liquidation of Fürstengrube, a sub-camp of Auschwitz
Hans Krása 1899–1944 Czech (Bohemian) composer Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Mario Finzi 1913–1945 Italian pianist Jewish intestinal infection at Auschwitz shortly after liberation
Leon Jessel 1871–1942 German composer Jewish torture by Gestapo, Berlin
Erwin Schulhoff 1894–1942 Czech composer, jazz pianist Jewish tuberculosis at Wülzburg concentration camp
Viktor Ullmann 1898–1944 Czech composer, pianist Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Karlrobert Kreiten 1916–1943 German pianist German resistance to Nazism hanged at Plötzensee Prison
Alma Rosé 1906–1944 Austrian violinist, conductor Jewish possibly poisoning, at Auschwitz
Józef Koffler 1896–1944 Polish composer, teacher, columnist Jewish probably shot by Einsatzgruppen at Krosno
Leo Smit 1900–1943 Dutch composer Jewish gas chamber at Sobibór
Marcel Tyberg 1893–1944 Austrian composer, pianist, conductor Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Leone Sinigaglia 1868–1944 Italian composer Jewish suffered a fatal heart attack at the moment of his arrest
Gershon Sirota 1874–1943 Polish cantor, tenor Jewish killed in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Ilse Weber 1903–1944 Czech composer, playwright Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz

Humanities

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Mildred Harnack 1902–1943 American literary historian, translator, resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism beheaded at Plötzensee Prison
Elise Richter 1865–1943 Austrian Romance philology professor Jewish Theresienstadt
Simon Dubnow 1860–1941 Belarusian historian, writer, activist Jewish killed at the Riga ghetto during the Rumbula massacre
Norbert Jokl 1877–1942 Czech Albanologist Jewish Roßau (?)
Marc Bloch 1886–1944 French historian, resistance leader Jewish, French Resistance tortured and shot by Gestapo at Saint-Didier-de-Formans
Valentin Feldman 1909–1942 French philosopher, resistance leader Jewish, French Resistance executed by firing squad
Georges Politzer 1902–1942 French philosopher, resistance leader Jewish, French Resistance executed by firing squad
Boris Vildé 1908–1942 French ethnographer, resistance fighter French Resistance executed by firing squad
Avgust Pirjevec 1887–1944 Slovenian literary historian anti-Fascist activities of his children Gusen
Walter Benjamin 1892–1940 German philosopher Jewish suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation
Friedrich Münzer 1868–1942 German classical scholar Jewish Theresienstadt

Mathematics

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Georg Alexander Pick[2] 1859–1942 Austrian Pick's theorem Jewish Theresienstadt
Emanuel Lodewijk Elte 1881-1943 Dutch Gosset–Elte figures Jewish Sobibor
Jean Cavaillès 1903–1944 French philosopher of science, resistance leader French Resistance executed by firing squad
Isaak Bacharach 1854–1942 German Cayley-Bacharach Theorem Jewish Theresienstadt
Albert Lautman 1908–1944 French mathematical philosopher, resistance leader Jewish, French Resistance executed by firing squad
Otto Blumenthal[3] 1876–1944 German Work in number theory, editor of Mathematische Annalen Jewish Theresienstadt
Felix Hausdorff[4] 1868–1942 German One of the founders of modern topology and contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis. Jewish suicide, Bonn
Friedrich Hartogs 1874–1943 German Foundational work in several complex variables Jewish suicide, Großhesselohe
Robert Remak 1888–1942 German Work in group theory, number theory, mathematical economics Jewish Auschwitz
Adolf Lindenbaum 1904–1941 Polish Work in set theory Jewish Ghetto Vilnius
Antoni Łomnicki 1881–1941 Polish Polish mathematician Polish intelligentsia Massacre of Lwów
Stanisław Ruziewicz 1889–1941 Polish Ruziewicz problem Polish intelligentsia Massacre of Lwów
Stanisław Saks 1897–1942 Polish Work in measure theory Jewish, Polish underground murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw
Juliusz Schauder 1899–1943 Polish Schauder fixed point theorem, Schauder basis Jewish executed by the Gestapo, Lviv
Włodzimierz Stożek 1883–1941 Polish Polish mathematician Polish intelligentsia Massacre of Lwów
Alfred Tauber 1866–1942 Slovak Tauberian theorems ? Theresienstadt

Natural sciences

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Ernst Cohen 1869–1944 Dutch chemist, work on the allotropy of metals Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Elisabeth Wollman 1888–1943 French microbiologist and physicist, work on bacteriophages and lysogeny Jewish Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber)
Eugène Wollman 1883–1943 French microbiologist and physicist, work on bacteriophages and lysogeny Jewish Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber)

Medicine and psychology

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Karl Herxheimer 1861-1942 German dermatologist, described Pick-Herxheimer disease and Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction Jewish Theresienstadt
Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński 1874–1941 Polish paediatrician, poet, translator Polish intelligentsia Massacre of Lwów
Antoni Cieszyński 1882–1941 Polish physician, dentist, surgeon Polish intelligentsia
Władysław Dobrzaniecki 1897–1941 Polish physician, surgeon Polish intelligentsia
Gisela Januszewska 1867–1943 Austrian physician Jewish Theresienstadt
Janusz Korczak 1878–1942 Polish pediatrician, educator, child welfare Jewish Treblinka
Adolf Reichwein 1898–1944 German doctor, educator, politician German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Sabina Spielrein 1885–1942 Russian physician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst Jewish Massacre of Zmievskaya Balka
Elisabeth von Thadden 1890–1944 German educator German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Martha Goldberg 1873–1938 German social activist, doctor's assistant Jewish Kristallnacht

Law, business

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Klaus Bonhoeffer 1901–1945 German jurist, resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin
Betsie ten Boom 1885–1944 Dutch book keeper Dutch resistance Pernicious anemia, Ravensbrück
Casper ten Boom 1859–1944 Dutch watchmaker Dutch resistance tuberculosis, mistreatment at Scheveningen Prison
Hans von Dohnányi 1902–1945 German jurist, resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed, Sachsenhausen
Reinhold Frank 1896–1945 German lawyer, member of 20 July Plot German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Martin Gauger 1905–1941 German jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle German resistance to Nazism NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein
Maurice Halbwachs 1877–1945 French sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory French Resistance Buchenwald
Franz Kaufmann 1886–1944 German jurist German resistance to Nazism Sachsenhausen
Wilhelm Mautner 1889–1944 Austrian economist Jewish Auschwitz concentration camp
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke 1907–1945 German jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Alfred Müller 1888–1945 Croatian entrepreneur Jewish Dachau
Leo Müller 1894–1941 Croatian entrepreneur Jewish Jasenovac
Karl Sack 1896–1945 German jurist, member of the 20 July plot German resistance to Nazism executed, Flossenbürg
Rüdiger Schleicher 1895–1945 German resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin
Armin Schreiner 1874–1941 Croatian industrialist Jewish Jasenovac
Kazimierz Prószyński 1875–1945 Polish inventor Polish intelligentsia Mauthausen
Elisabeth de Rothschild 1902–1945 French wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild Jewish Ravensbrück
Ludwik Maurycy Landau 1902–1944 Polish economist Polish resistance movement in World War II executed, Warsaw

Theology, spirituality, religion

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Hedwig Jahnow 1879-1944 German Old testament theologian Jewish malnutrition in Theresienstadt
Kaj Munk 1898–1944 Danish theologian, playwright Danish resistance movement murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark
Lodewijk Sarlois 1884-1942 Dutch Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands Jewish Auschwitz
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906–1945 German Lutheran pastor, theologian German resistance to Nazism Hanged with thin wire, Flossenbürg
Regina Jonas 1902–1944 German first woman Rabbi Jewish Auschwitz
Jochen Klepper 1903–1942 German theologian, journalist Jewish family suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin
Friedrich Lorenz 1897–1944 German priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate German resistance to Nazism executed, Halle an der Saale (beheaded)
Paul Schneider 1897–1939 German clergyman German resistance to Nazism lethal injection, Buchenwald
Edith Stein 1891–1942 German Carmelite nun, Ph.D. in Philosophy, Catholic saint (born Jewish) Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Sándor Büchler 1869–1944 Hungarian rabbi, historian Jewish Auschwitz
Giovanni Fornasini 1915–1944 Italian parish priest, MOVM, Servant of God Italian resistance movement shot by a member of the Waffen SS, Marzabotto
Avraham Yitzchak Bloch 1891–1941 Lithuanian Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva Jewish murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz
Elchonon Wasserman 1875–1941 Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva Jewish Kovno
Riccardo Pacifici 1904–1943 Italian rabbi Jewish gas chamber at Auschwitz
Azriel Rabinowitz 1905–1941 Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva Jewish murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz
Maximilian Kolbe 1894–1941 Polish friar, Catholic saint Polish resistance movement in World War II lethal injection after voluntarily taking place of another prisoner, Auschwitz
Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski 1913–1945 Polish priest Polish resistance movement in World War II Dachau
Karl Ernst Krafft 1900–1945 Swiss astrologer, occultist crackdown on astrologers, faith healers and occultists following Rudolf Hess's flight to Scotland during transport to Buchenwald
Kalonymus Kalman Shapira 1889–1943 Polish Rabbi Jewish Aktion Erntefest
Menachem Ziemba 1883–1943 Polish Rabbi Jewish The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Maria Skobtsova 1891–1945 Russian Russian Orthodox nun, saint French Resistance gas chamber, Ravensbrück concentration camp

Sports

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Eddy Hamel 1902–1943 American first Jewish football player of AFC Ajax Jewish Murdered at Auschwitz
Evžen Rošický 1914–1942 Czech athlete (800m, 400m relay), 1936 Berlin Olympic Games Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range
Otto Herschmann 1877–1942 Austrian fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist; one of only a few athletes who have won Olympic medals in multiple sports Jewish Izbica concentration camp
Heinrich Wolf 1875–1943 Austrian chess player Jewish Vienna
Vera Menchik 1906–1944 British-Czech chess player; world champion The Blitz killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in South London
Karel Treybal 1885–1941 Czech chess player; chess Olympian Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia executed, Prague
Salo Landau 1903–1944 Dutch chess player Jewish Gräditz concentration camp
Gerrit Kleerekoper 1897–1943 Dutch coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games Jewish Sobibór
Estella Agsteribbe 1909–1943 Dutch gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist Jewish Auschwitz
Helena Nordheim 1903–1943 Dutch gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist Jewish Sobibór
Anna Dresden-Polak 1906–1943 Dutch gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist Jewish Sobibór
Jud Simons 1904–1943 Dutch gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist Jewish Sobibór
Isidore Goudeket 1883-1943 Dutch gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics Jewish Sobibór
Abraham de Oliveira 1880-1943 Dutch gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics Jewish Sobibór
Alfred Flatow 1869–1942 German gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist Jewish Theresienstadt
Gustav Flatow 1875–1945 German gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist Jewish Theresienstadt
Lilli Henoch 1899–1942 German 4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships Jewish Riga Ghetto
Werner Seelenbinder 1904–1944 German wrestler; Olympian Communist executed, Brandenburg an der Havel
Johann Trollmann 1907–1943 German boxer; German national champion Sinti Neuengamme
János Garay (fencer) 1889–1945 Hungarian fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist Jewish Mauthausen
Oszkár Gerde 1883–1944 Hungarian fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist Jewish Mauthausen
Attila Petschauer 1904–1943 Hungarian fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist Jewish Davidovka concentration camp
András Székely 1909–1943 Hungarian swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay) Jewish killed at a forced labor camp in Chernihiv, Ukraine
Bronisław Czech 1908–1944 Polish skier: Olympian Polish resistance movement in World War II Auschwitz
Roman Kantor 1912–1943 Polish fencer; Olympian Jewish Majdanek concentration camp
Józef Klotz 1900–1941 Polish Polish national soccer team Jewish killed in the Warsaw Ghetto
Janusz Kusociński 1907–1940 Polish athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist Polish resistance movement in World War II executed in Palmiry
Dawid Przepiórka 1880–1940 Polish chess player; chess Olympian Jewish executed, Warsaw
Leon Sperling 1900–1941 Polish left wing on national soccer team Jewish Lemberg Ghetto
Ilja Szrajbman 1907–1943 Polish swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay Jewish Majdanek concentration camp
Victor Perez 1911–1945 Tunisian boxer; world flyweight champion Jewish Auschwitz
Ernest Toussaint 1908–1942 Luxembourgian boxer Luxembourg Resistance Hinzert concentration camp
László Bartók 1904–1944 Hungarian Olympic rower, 1928 Summer OlympicsMen's coxed four ? Buchenwald

Politics, resistance

[edit]
Name Lifespan Nationality Political Ideology/Occupation Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Käthe Leichter 1895–1942 Austrian Politician, economist Jewish executed, Bernburg Euthanasia Centre
Rosa Manus 1891–1942 Dutch Feminist and peace activist Jewish murdered by gassing, Bernburg
Victor Basch 1877–1945 French Aesthetician, politician Jewish assassinated by the Vichy French Milice
Pierre Brossolette 1903–1944 French high resistance leader French Resistance committed suicide (so as not to break under Gestapo torture)
Georges Mandel 1885–1944 French Politician, resistance leader Jewish, French Resistance murdered in the Forest of Fontainebleau
Jean Moulin 1899–1943 French high resistance leader French Resistance tortured to death by the Gestapo
Jean Maurice Paul Jules de Noailles 1893–1945 French Duke of Ayen, French resistance fighter French Resistance died at Bergen-Belsen a few days before the end of the war[5][6]
Jean Zay 1904–1944 French politician, former minister of French Government Jewish, French Resistance assassinated by the Vichy French Milice
Edgar André 1894–1936 German Communist Communist executed, Hamburg
Friedrich Aue 1896–1944 German Communist Communist executed, Brandenburg
Judith Auer 1905–1944 German Communist resistance fighter Jewish, Communist executed, Berlin
Bernhard Bästlein 1894–1944 German Communist Communist executed, Brandenburg
Olga Benário Prestes 1908–1942 German-Brazilian Communist Jewish, Communist executed, Ravensbrück
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff 1890–1945 German Diplomat German resistance to Nazism murdered in custody, Berlin
Cato Bontjes van Beek 1920–1944 German Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Rudolf Breitscheid 1874–1944 German Social Democrat political opponent executed, Buchenwald
Marianne Cohn 1922–1944 German Maquis Resistance fighter Jewish, French Resistance Beaten to death by Gestapo
Hans Coppi 1916–1942 German Communist resistance fighter Communist, German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Hilde Coppi 1909–1943 German Communist resistance fighter Communist, German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Gusta Dawidson Draenger 1917-1943 Polish leader of Akiva youth movement Jewish executed, Gestapo custody, Krakow
Georg Elser 1903–1945 German Manual laborer, Rotfront-Kämpfer planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler executed, Dachau
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler 1884–1945 German Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist political opponent executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Willi Graf 1918–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter; student German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Albrecht Haushofer 1903–1945 German Diplomat, writer German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Moabit
Rudolf Hilferding 1877–1941 German Social Democrat Jewish executed, Gestapo custody, Paris
Otto Hirsch 1885–1941 German Representative of German Jews Jewish executed, Mauthausen concentration camp
Camill Hoffmann 1878–1944 German Diplomat, writer Jewish executed, Auschwitz
Martin Hoop 1892–1933 German Communist, District leader of KPD in Saxony Communist executed, Zwickau
Kurt Huber 1893–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter, professor German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Franz Jacob 1906–1944 German Communist Communist, German resistance to Nazism executed, Brandenburg
Ludwig Landmann 1868-1945 German DDP politician, Mayor of Frankfurt Jewish starved to death in hiding place
Julius Leber 1891–1944 German Socialist German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Wilhelm Leuschner 1890–1944 German Politician 20 July plot executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
August Lütgens 1897-1933 German Communist Communist, German resistance to Nazism executed, Amtsgericht Altona
Ottilie Pohl 1867–1943 German Resistance fighter Jewish executed, Theresienstadt
Fritz Pröll 1915–1944 German Resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism Suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen
Christoph Probst 1918–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter, student German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Joseph Roth 1896–1945 German Teacher and politician Jewish murdered by a poison injection after being imprisoned in Buchenwald
Anton Saefkow 1903–1944 German Communist, resistance fighter Communist, German resistance to Nazism executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg
Werner Scharff 1912–1945 German Resistance fighter, electrician Jewish, German resistance to Nazism executed, Sachsenhausen
Rudolf von Scheliha 1897–1942 German Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter, diplomat German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee
Alexander Schmorell 1917–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter, student German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Ernst Schneller 1890–1944 German KPD politician German resistance to Nazism executed, Sachsenhausen
Werner Scholem 1895–1940 German Communist Jewish, Communist executed, Buchenwald
Hans Scholl 1918–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter, medical student German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Sophie Scholl 1921–1943 German White Rose resistance fighter, student German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, MunichStadelheim Prison
Ilse Stöbe 1911–1942 German Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter German resistance to Nazism Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee
Bruno Tesch 1913–1933 German Communist Communist executed, Amtsgericht Altona
Ernst Thälmann 1886–1944 German Leader of KPD Communist executed, Buchenwald
Adam von Trott zu Solz 1909–1944 German Diplomat German resistance to Nazism executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Jenő Deutsch  (Eugen Deutsch) 1879–1944 Hungarian Social democrat politician ? executed[7]
Hannah Szenes 1921–1944 Hungarian Jewish partisan Jewish executed
Kazimierz Bartel 1882–1941 Polish Prime Minister of Poland 1926–1930 Polish intelligentsia executed
Paweł Frenkiel 1920–1943 Polish Jewish Military Union leader Jewish executed
Yitzhak Gitterman 1889–1943 Polish Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Jewish fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Herschel Grynszpan 1921-1945? Polish shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on 7 November 1938 in Paris Jewish executed, location of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit
Stefan Rowecki 1895–1944 Polish General, leader of the Armia Krajowa, journalist Polish resistance movement in World War II executed, Warsaw
Stefan Starzyński 1893–1943 Polish Politician, economist, writer, Mayor of Warsaw 1934–1939 Polish intelligentsia fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau
Szmul Zygielbojm 1895–1943 Polish Bund leader Jewish suicide in protest of Nazism
Tone Čufar 1905–1942 Slovenian Resistance fighter Slovene Liberation Front shot during an escape attempt
Slavko Šlander 1909–1941 Slovenian Resistance fighter Slovene Liberation Front executed

Military

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Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements Reasons for persecution Cause of death
Charles Delestraint 1879–1945 French general, resistance leader French Resistance assassinated in Dachau concentration camp
Ludwig Beck 1880–1944 German General, Putschist 20 July plot executed, Berlin
Wilhelm Canaris 1887–1945 German military information service German resistance to Nazism executed, Flossenbürg
Erich Fellgiebel 1886–1944 German officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich 20 July plot executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Werner von Haeften 1908–1944 German jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg 20 July plot executed, Berlin
Erich Hoepner 1886–1944 German demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition
about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg
20 July plot executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim 1905–1944 German Colonel, Putschist 20 July plot executed, Berlin
Friedrich Olbricht 1888–1944 German General, Putschist 20 July plot executed, Berlin
Hans Oster 1887–1945 German Chief of staff 20 July plot executed, Flossenbürg
Harro Schulze-Boysen 1909–1942 German officer, publicist collaboration with Soviet intelligence executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Claus von Stauffenberg 1907–1944 German Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist 20 July plot executed, Berlin
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1886–1944 German military commander in occupied France 20 July plot executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Henning von Tresckow 1901–1944 German Major General, Putschist German resistance to Nazism suicide, near Ostrov, Russia
Erwin von Witzleben 1881–1944 German retired Field Marshal 20 July plot executed, Berlin-Plötzensee
Maurizio Giglio 1920–1944 Italian soldier, policeman, secret agent, MOVM collaboration with Allied intelligence shot, one of the victims of the Ardeatine massacre, Rome
Dmitry Karbyshev 1880–1945 Russian Army(RKKA), engineer commander Red Army general executed, Mauthausen
Rudolf Viest 1890–1945 Slovak Division General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising Slovak National Uprising executed, Flossenbürg
Ján Golian 1906–1945 Slovak Brigadier General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising Slovak National Uprising executed, Flossenbürg

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Macznik".
  2. ^ "Pick biography". www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Blumenthal biography". www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  4. ^ "HCM: About Felix Hausdorff". hcm.uni-bonn.de. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  5. ^ Martin, Georges (1993). Histoire et généalogie de la maison de Noailles (in French).
  6. ^ "Le tribunal militaire de Paris condamne à vingt ans de réclusion une collaboratrice de la Gestapo accusée d'avoir dénoncé le duc d'Ayen" [The Paris military court sentences a Gestapo collaborator accused of having denounced the Duke of Ayen to twenty years of imprisonment]. Le Monde (in French). 18 November 1952.
  7. ^ "Deutsch Jenő". Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000–1990 (in Hungarian). Retrieved 3 February 2019.
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