List of state leaders in the 10th century

Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)
Alexander, Emperor (912–913)
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Junior Co-Emperor (908–913, 920–945), Emperor (913–920, 945–959)
Romanos I Lekapenos, Emperor (920–944)
Christopher Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (921–931)
Stephen Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
Constantine Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
Romanos II, Emperor (959–963)
Nikephoros II Phokas, Emperor (963-969)
John I Tzimiskes, Emperor (969-976)
Basil II, Junior Co-Emperor (960–976), Emperor (976–1025)

Emirate of Crete (complete list) –

Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb al-Zarkun, Emir (c.895–910)
Yusuf ibn Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.910–915)
Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Umar, Emir (c.915–925)
Ahmad ibn Umar, Emir (c.925–940)
Shu'ayb ibn Ahmad, Emir (940–943)
Ali ibn Ahmad, Emir (943–949)
Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (949–961)

Duchy / Kingdom of Croatia (complete list) –

Muncimir, Duke (892–910)
Tomislav, Duke (910–925), King (c.925–928)
Trpimir II, King (928–935)
Krešimir I, King (935–945)
Miroslav, King (945–949)
Michael Krešimir II, King (949–969)
Stephen Držislav, King (969–997)
Svetoslav Suronja, King (997–1000)
Gojslav, co-King (1000–c.1020)

Principality of Serbia (complete list) –

Petar, Prince (892–917)
Pavle, Prince (917–921)
Zaharija, Prince (922–924)
Časlav, Prince (c.927–c.960)

Duklja (complete list) –

Petar, Archon (c.1000)
Jovan Vladimir, Prince (c.1000–1016)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

Kingdom of Scotland/ Kingdom of Alba (complete list) –

Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
Malcolm I, King (943–954)
Indulf, King (954–962)
Dub, King (962–967)
Cuilén, King (967–971)
Kenneth II, King (971–995)
Amlaíb, rival King (973–977)
Constantine III (IV), King (995–997)
Kenneth III, King (997–1005)

Kingdom of Strathclyde (complete list) –

Dyfnwal (died 908×915)
Owain ap Dyfnwal (fl. 934)
Dyfnwal ab Owain (died 975)
Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal (fl. 971), possible King
Máel Coluim (died 997)
Owain ap Dyfnwal (died 1015), possible King

Kingdom of the Isles (complete list) –

Ragnall ua Ímair, King (c.914–921)^[11] to 921?^[12]
Gebeachan, King (?–937)
Maccus mac Arailt, King (fl.971–974)
Gofraid mac Arailt,^[13] King (?–989)
Gilli, Chieftain (990–?)

Great Britain: Northumbria

Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –

Cnut, King (c.900)
Æthelwold, King (900–902)
Airdeconut, King (c.902)
Eowils, co-King (902–910)
Halfdan II, co-King (902–910)
Ingwær, co-King (?–910)
Ragnall ua Ímair, King (918–921)
Sitric Cáech, King (921–927)
Gofraid ua Ímair, King (927)
Olaf Guthfrithson, King (939–941)
Sitric II, King (c.942)
Ragnall Guthfrithson, King (943–944)
Eric Bloodaxe, King (947–948, 952–954)
Amlaíb Cuarán, King (949–952)

Great Britain: England

The Britons (complete list) –

Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
Idwal Foel, King (916–942)
Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
Dyfnwal ab Owain, King (962–975)
Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)

Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –

Eohric, King (890–902)
Æthelwold, Sub-King (902)
Guthrum II, King (902–918)

Mercia (complete list) –

Æthelred II, Lord (c.881–911)
Æthelflæd, Lady (911–918)
Ælfwynn, Lady (918)

Kingdom of Wessex / Kingdom of England (complete list) –

Edward the Elder, King of Wessex (899–924)
Ælfweard, King of Wessex (924)
Æthelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927), King of the English (927–939)
Edmund I, King (939–946)
Eadred, King (946–955)
Eadwig, King (955–959)
Edgar, King (959–975)
Edward the Martyr, King (975–978)
Æthelred the Unready, King (978–1013, 1014–1016)

Great Britain: Wales

Glywysing and Morgannwg (complete list) –

Arthfael Hen ap Rhys, King of Glywysing (785–c.825)
Rhys ap Arthfael, King of Glywysing (c.830–c.840)
Hywel ap Rhys, King of Glywysing (c.840–886)
Owain ap Hywel, King of Glywysing (886–c.930)
Gruffydd ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.930–934)
Cadwgan ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.930–950)
Morgan Hen ab Owain, the Old, King of Morgannwg (c.942–974)
Owain ap Morgan, King of Glywysing (974–c.983)
Rhys ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.990–c.1000)
Ithel the Black, King of Glywysing (990)
Iestyn ab Owain, King of Glywysing (c.990–c.1015)

Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –

Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
Idwal Foel, King (916–942)
Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
Iago ab Idwal, King (950–979)
Ieuaf ab Idwal, King (950–969)
Hywel ab Ieuaf, King (974–985)
Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, King (985–986)
Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)
Cynan ap Hywel, King (999–1005)

Gwent (complete list) –

Brochfael ap Meurig, King (880–920)
Arthfael ap Hywel, King (?–916/927)
Owain ap Hywel, King (920–930)
Gruffydd ab Owain, King (?–c.935)
Cadwgan ab Owain, King (?–951)
Nowy ap Gwriad, King (c.950–c.970)
Arthfael ap Nowy, King (c.970–983)
Rhodri ap Elisedd and Gruffydd ap Elisedd, co-Kings (983–c.1015)

Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –

Llywelyn ap Merfyn, King (900–942)
Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
Owain ap Hywel Dda, King (950–986)
Maredudd ap Owain, King (986–999)
Llywelyn ap Seisyll, King (999–1023)

Kingdom of Dyfed (complete list) –

Llywarch ap Hyfaidd, King (893–904)
Rhodri ap Hyfaidd, King (904–905)
Hywel Dda, King (905–909)

Seisyllwg (complete list) –

Cadell ap Rhodri (878–909)

Deheubarth (complete list) –

Hywel Dda, King (920–950)^[14]
Owain ap Hywel, King (950–986)

Rhodri ap Hywel, King (950–953)
Edwin ap Hywel, King (950–954)

Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)
Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005)
Hywel ab Owain, King (c.990–c.1043)

Ireland

Ireland (complete list) –

Flann Sinna, High King (877–914)
Niall Glúndub, High King (915–917)
Donnchad Donn, High King (918–942)
Congalach Cnogba, High King ( 943–954)
Domnall ua Néill, High King (955–978)
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King (979–1002, 1014–1022)

Kingdom of Ailech (complete list) –

Domnall mac Áeda, King (887–915)
Niall Glúndub mac Áeda, King (896–919)
Flaithbertach mac Domnaill, King (916–919)
Fergal mac Domnaill, King (919–938)
Muirchertach mac Néill, King (938–943)
Domnall mac Muirchertaig ua Néill, King (943–980)
Flaithbertach mac Muirchertaig meic Néill, King (943–949)
Flaithbertach mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
Tadg mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
Conn mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
Murchad Glun re Lar mac Flaithbertaigh, King (962–972)
Fergal mac Domnaill meic Conaing, King (980–989)
Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King (989–1004)

Airgíalla (complete list) –

Maol Craoibh ua Duibh Sionach, King (?–917)
Fogarthach mac Donnegan, King (?–947)
Egneach mac Dalach, King (?–961)
Donnacan mac Maelmuire, King (?–970)
Mac Eiccnigh mac Dalagh, King (?–998)
Mac Leiginn mac Cerbaill, King (?–1022)

Kingdom of Breifne (complete list) –

Flann mac Tighearnáin, Lord (c.910)
Cernachan mac Tighearnáin, King (?–931)
Conghalach mac Cathaláin, Lord (c.935)
Cléircén son of Tigernán, King (c.937)
Fergal ua Ruairc, King (?)
(Sean) Fergal Ó Ruairc, King (c.964–967)
Niall Ó Ruairc, heir (1000–1001)

Connachta (complete list) –

Cathal mac Conchobair, King (900–925)
Tadg mac Cathail, King (925–956)
Fergal Ua Ruairc, King (956–967)
Conchobar mac Tadg, King (967–973)
Cathal mac Tadg, King (973)
Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King (973–1010)

Kingdom of Dublin (complete list) –

Ímar ua Ímair, King (?–904)
Sitric Cáech, King (917–920)
Gofraid ua Ímair, King (921–934)
Olaf Guthfrithson, King (934–939)
Blácaire mac Gofraid, King (939–945, 947–948)
Amlaíb Cuarán, King (945–947)
Gofraid mac Sitriuc, King (?–951)
Glúniairn, King (?–989)
Ivar of Waterford, possible king (989–993), King (994–995)
Sigtrygg Silkbeard, King (989/995–1036)

Leinster (complete list) –

Cerball mac Muirecáin, King (885–909)
Augaire mac Aililla, King (909–917)
Faelan mac Muiredach, King (917–942)
Lorcán mac Fáelán, King (942–943)
Bran Fionn mac Máelmórda, King (943–947)
Túathal mac Úgaire, King (947–958)
Cellach mac Faelan, King (958–966)
Murchad mac Bran Fionn, King (966–972)
Úgaire mac Túathail, King (972–978)
Domnall Claen, King (978–984)
Donnchad mac Domnall Claen, King (984–1003)

Magh Luirg (complete list) –

Máel Ruanaid Mór mac Tadg, King (fl.956)
Muirchertach mac Maelruanaidh Mor, King (?)

Kingdom of Meath (complete list) –

Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)
Conchobar mac Flainn, King (916–919)
Donnchad Donn mac Flainn, King (919–944)
Oengus mac Donnchada, King (944–945/946)
Donnchad mac Domnaill, King (945/946–950)
Fergal Got mac Oengussa, King (c.950)
Aed mac Mael Ruanaid, King (c.950–951)
Domnall mac Donnchada, King (951–952)
Carlus mac Cuinn, King (952–960)
Donnchad Finn mac Aeda, King (960–974)
Muirchertach mac Mael Sechnaill, King (974–c.976)
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, King (975/976–1022)

Kingdom of Munster (complete list) –

Finguine Cenn nGécan mac Loégairi, King (895–902)
Cormac mac Cuilennáin, King (902–908)
Flaithbertach mac Inmainén, King (908–944)
Lorcán mac Coinlígáin, King (944–?)
Cellachán Caisil, King (?–954)
Máel Fathardaig mac Flann, King (954–957)
Dub-dá-Bairenn mac Domnaill, King (957–959)
Fer Gráid mac Clérig, King (959–961)
Donnchad mac Cellacháin, King (959–963)
Máel Muad mac Brain, King (959–970, 976–978)
Ivar of Limerick, King (960–977)
Mathgamain mac Cennétig, King (970–976)
Brian Boru, King (978–1014)

Uí Maine (complete list) –

Mughroin mac Sochlachan, King (?–904)
Sochlachan mac Diarmata, King (?–909)
Murchadh mac Sochlachan, King (?–936)
Murchadh mac Aodha, King (?–960)
Geibennach mac Aedha, King (?–973)
Muirgus mac Domnaill, King (?–986)
Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King (?–1014)

Ulaid / Ulster (complete list) –

Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)
Dubgall mac Áeda, King (919–925)
Loingsech mac Cinn Etig, King (925–932)
Eochaid mac Conaill, King (932–937)
Matudán mac Áeda, King (937–950)
Ardgal mac Matudáin, King (950–970)
Niall mac Áeda, King (970–971)
Áed mac Loingsig, King (971–972)
Eochaid mac Ardgail, King (972–1004)

Europe: Central

Holy Roman Empire in Germany

See also List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) –

Louis the Child, King (899–911)
Conrad I, King (911–918)
Henry I, King (919–936)
Otto I, King (936–973), Holy Roman Emperor (962–973)
Otto II, King (961–983), Holy Roman Emperor (967–983)
Otto III, King (983–1002), Holy Roman Emperor (996–1002)

Hungary

Principality of Hungary (complete list) –

Árpád, Grand Prince (c.895–c.907)
Zoltán, Grand Prince (c.907–c.948)
Fajsz, Grand Prince (c. 948)
Taksony, Grand Prince (c.955–c.973)
Géza, Grand Prince (c.973–997)
Stephen I, Grand Prince (997–1000), King (1000–1038)

Moravia

Great Moravia (complete list) –

Mojmír II, Duke (894–906)

Poland

Civitas Schinesghe (complete list) –

Lestek, Duke (early 10th century)
Siemomysł, Duke (mid–10th century)
Mieszko I, Duke (960–992)
Bolesław I, Duke (992–1025), King (1025)

Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385) (complete list) –

Bolesław I the Brave, Duke (992–1025), King (1025)

Europe: East

Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –

Almış, Emir (895–925)
Mikail bine Cäğfär, ruler (925–943)
Äxmäd bine Cäğfär, ruler (943–950)
Abdulla bine Mikail, ruler (950–970)
Talib bine Äxmäd, ruler (970–976)
Mö'min bine Äxmäd, ruler (976–980)
Abd ar-Rahman bine Mö'min, ruler (980–1006)

Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –

Aaron I, ruler (c.900)
Menahem, ruler (early 10th-century)
Benjamin, ruler (c.920)
Aaron II, ruler (late 920s–940)
Joseph, ruler (940–965)
David of Taman, ruler (c.986–988)
Georgius Tzul, ruler (?–1016)

Kievan Rus' (complete list) –

Oleg of Novgorod,^[15] Prince (882–912)
Igor I, Prince (912–945)
Olga,^[16] Regent, Consort (945–962)
Sviatoslav I,^[17] Prince (962–972)
Yaropolk I,^[18] Prince (972–980)
Vladimir I the Great, Grand Prince (980–1015)

Novgorod (complete list) –

Oleg of Novgorod (879–912)

Europe: Nordic

Denmark

Denmark (complete list) –

Harthacnut I, King (early–10th century)
Gorm the Old, King (c. 936–c. 958)
Harald Bluetooth, King (c.958–c.986)
Sweyn Forkbeard, King (986–1014)

Norway

Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) (complete list) –

Harald Fairhair, King (c.872–930)
Eric Bloodaxe, King (c.929–934)
Haakon I the Good, King (c.934–960)
Harald II Greycloak, King (c.961–970)
Harald Bluetooth, King (c.970–985/986)
Haakon Sigurdsson, de facto ruler (c.975–995)^[19]
Olaf Tryggvason, King (995–1000)
Sweyn Forkbeard, King (c.985–995, 1000–1014)

Sweden

Sweden: Proto-historic (complete list) –

Ring of Sweden, King (c.910–940)
Erik Ringsson, King (c.940–950)
Emund Eriksson, King (mid–10th century)
Björn Eriksson, King (late 10th century)
Olof Björnsson, King (late 10th century)

Sweden (800–1521) (complete list) –

Eric the Victorious, King (c.970–c.995)
Olof Skötkonung, King (c.995–1022)

Europe: Southcentral

Holy Roman Empire in Italy

See also List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire#Italy

Kingdom of Italy (complete list) –

Integrum: Simultaneous claimants

Berengar I, King (887–924)
Louis III the Blind, King (900–905)
Rudolph II of Burgundy, King (922–926)
Hugh of Arles, King (924–947)
Lothair II, King (948–950)
Berengar II of Ivrea, co-King (950–961)
Adalbert of Ivrea, co-King (950–963)

Ottonian dynasty

Otto I, King (961–973)
Otto II, King (980–983)
Otto III, King (996–1002)

March of Montferrat (complete list) –

William I, Marquis (?–pre-934)
Aleramo, Marquis (933–991)
William II, co-Marquis (?–pre-967)
Otto I, ruler (c.991)
William III, ruler (991–pre-1042)

Papal States (complete list) –

Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)
Leo V, Pope (903)
Sergius III, Pope (904–911)
Anastasius III, Pope (911–913)
Lando, Pope (913–914)
John X, Pope (914–928)
Leo VI, Pope (928)
Stephen VII, Pope (929–931)
John XI, Pope (931–935)
Leo VII, Pope (936–939)
Stephen VIII, Pope (939–942)
Marinus II, Pope (942–946)
Agapetus II, Pope (946–955)
John XII, Pope (955–963, 964)
Benedict V, Pope (964)
Leo VIII, Pope (964–965)
John XIII, Pope (965–972)
Benedict VI, Pope (973–974)
Benedict VII, Pope (974–983)
John XIV, Pope (983–984)
John XV, Pope (985–996)
Gregory V, Pope (996–999)
Sylvester II, Pope (999–1003)

Duchy of Spoleto (complete list) –

Alberic I, Duke (898–922)
Boniface I, Duke (923–928)
Peter, Duke (924–928)
Theobald I, Duke (928–936)
Anscar, Duke (936–940)
Sarlione, Duke (940–943)
Hubert, Duke (943–946)
Boniface II, Duke (946–953)
Theobald II, Duke (953–959)
Transamund III, Duke (c.959–c.967)
Pandulf I, Duke (967–981)
Landulf, Duke (981–982)
Transamund III, Duke (982–989)
Hugh I the Great, Duke (989–996)
Conrad, Duke (996–998)
Adhemar, Duke (998–999)

March of Tuscany (complete list) –

Adalbert II the Rich, Margrave (886–915)
Guy, Margrave (915–929)
Lambert, Margrave (929–931)
Boso, Margrave (931–936)
Humbert, Margrave (936–961)
Hugh the Great, Margrave (961–1001)

Republic of Venice (complete list) –

Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
Orso II Participazio, Doge (912–932)
Pietro II Candiano, Doge (932–939)
Pietro Participazio, Doge (939–942)
Pietro III Candiano, Doge (942–959)
Pietro IV Candiano, Doge (959–976)
Pietro I Orseolo, Doge (976–978)
Vitale Candiano, Doge (978–979)
Tribuno Memmo, Doge (979–991)
Pietro II Orseolo, Doge (991–1009)

Southern Italy

Principality of Benevento (complete list) –

Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)
Landulf I, co-ruler (901–910), Prince (910–943)
Atenulf II, co-ruler (911–940)
Landulf of Conza, co-ruler (940)
Atenulf III Carinola, co-ruler (933–943)
Landulf II, co-ruler (940–943), Prince (943–961)
Landulf III, co-ruler (959–961), Prince (961–968)
Pandulf I, co-ruler (943–961), Prince (961–981)
Landulf IV, co-ruler (968–981)
Pandulf II, Prince (981–1014)

Principality of Capua (complete list) –

Atenulf I, Gastald (887–910)
Landulf III, Gastald (901–910), Prince (910–943)
Atenulf II, co-Prince (911–940)
Landulf of Conza, co-Prince (940)
Atenulf III Carinola, co-Prince (933–943)
Landulf IV, Prince (940–961)
Landulf III, Prince (959–968)
Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (961–981)
Landulf VI, Prince (981–982)
Landenulf II, Prince (982–993)
Laidulf, Prince (993–999)
Adhemar, Prince (999)
Landulf VII, Prince (999–1007)

Duchy of Gaeta (complete list) –

Docibilis I, Hypatus (866–906)
John I, Hypatus (867–933)
Docibilis II, co-Hypatus (906–933), Duke (933–954)
John II, co-Duke (933–954), Duke (954–963)
Gregory, Duke (963–978)
Marinus II, Duke (978–984)
John III, co-Duke (979–984), Duke (984–1008)
John IV, co-Duke (991–1008), Duke (1008–1012)

March of Ivrea (complete list) –

Anscar I of Ivrea, Margrave (888–902)
Adalbert I, Margrave (902–929)
Anscar II, Margrave (929–936)
Berengar I, Margrave (936–957)
Guy, Margrave (957–965)
Adalbert II, Margrave (965–970)
Conrad, Margrave (970–c.990)
Arduin, Margrave (c.990–1015)

Duchy of Naples (complete list) –

Gregory IV, Duke (898–915)
John II, Duke (915–919)
Marinus I, Duke (919–928)
John III, Duke (928–968/969)
Marinus II, Duke (968/969–992/997)
Sergius III, Duke (992–997/999)
John IV, Duke (997/999–1005)

Principality of Salerno (complete list) –

Guaimar I, Prince (880–901)
Guaimar II, Prince (901–946)
Gisulf I, Prince (946–978)
Landulf of Conza, Prince in opposition (973)
Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (978–981)
Pandulf II, Prince (981)
Manso, Prince (981–983)
John I, Prince (981–983)
John II, Prince (983–994)
Guaimar III, Prince (994–1027)

Emirate of Sicily (complete list) –

al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (948–953)
Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (954–969)
Ya'ish, Emir (969-970)
Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi, Emir (970–982)
Jabir al-Kalbi, Emir (982–983)
Ja'far al-Kalbi, Emir (983–985)
Abdallah al-Kalbi, Emir (985–990)
Yusuf al-Kalbi, Emir (990–998)
Ja'far al-Kalbi, Emir (998–1019)

Europe: Southwest

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

Iberian Peninsula: Christian

County of Aragon (complete list) –

Galindo Aznárez II, Count (893–922)

Kingdom of Asturias (complete list) –

Alfonso III, King (866–910)
Fruela II, King (910–925)

County of Barcelona (complete list) –

Wilfred II Borrel, Count (897–911)
Sunyer, Count (911–947)
Borrell II, Count (947–992)
Miro, Count (947–966)
Ramon Borrell, Count (988–1018)

County of Pallars (complete list) –

Raymond I, Count (872–920)
Lope I, Count (920–947)
Isarn, Count (920–948)
Raymond II, Count (948–992)
Borrell I, Count (948–995)
Ermengol I, Count (992–1010)
Suñer I, Count (995–1011)

Kingdom of Pamplona (complete list) –

Fortún Garcés, King (882–905)
Sancho I, King (905–925)
Jimeno Garcés, King (925–931)
García Sánchez I, King (931–970)
Sancho II, King (970–994)
García Sánchez II, King (994–1000/1004)

County of Ribagorza (complete list) –

Raymond I, Count (872–920)
Bernard I, Count (920–950/955)
Miro, Count (920–?)
Raymond II, Count (950/955–970)
Humfred (II), Count (970–979)
Arnold, Count (979–990)
Isarn, Count (990–1003)

Iberian Peninsula: Muslim

Iberian Peninsula: Muslim

Emirate of Córdoba (complete list) –

Abdallah ibn Muhammad, Emir (888–912)
Abd ar-Rahman III, Emir (912–929), Caliph (929–961)
Al-Hakam II, Caliph (961–976)
Hisham II, Caliph (976–1008, 1010–1012)

Marca Hispanica

Marca Hispanica

County of Osona (complete list) –

Ermengol, Count (939–943)

County of Cerdanya (complete list) –

Miró II, Count (897–927)
Sunifred II, Count (927–968)
Miró III, Count (968–984)
Oliba Cabreta, Count (968–988)
Wilfred II, Count (988–1035)

County of Urgell (complete list) –

Sunifred II, Count (898–948)
Miró de Barcelona, Count (948–966)
Borrell II, Count (966–992)
Ermengol I of Córdoba, Count (992–1010)

Europe: West

West Frankish Kingdom, later France (complete list) –

Charles the Simple, King (898–922)
Robert I, King (922–923)
Rudolph, King (923–936)
Louis IV, King (936–954)
Lothair, King (954–986)
Louis V, King (986–987)
Hugh Capet, King (987–996)
Robert II, King (987–1031)

County of Angoulême (complete list) –

Alduin I, Count (886–916)^[20]
Aymer of Poitiers, Count (916–926)^[20]
William II ("Taillefer" I), Count (926–c.945)^[21]
Aymer II, Count (after 945–before 952)^[22]
Bernard, Count (after 945–before 952)^[23]
Arnald I "Voratio", Count (after 950–before 952)^[24]
William III "Talleyrand", Count (952/964–before 973/975)^[24]
Rannulf "Bompar", Count (973/975–975)^[24]
Richard the Simple, Count (975?)^[25]
Arnald II "Manzer", Count (975–988)^[26]
William IV (Taillefer II), Count (988–1028)^[27]

Anjou (complete list) –

Fulk I, Count (898–942)
Fulk II, Count (942–958)
Geoffrey I, Count (960–987)
Fulk III, Count (987–1040)

Duchy of Aquitaine (complete list) –

William I, Duke (893–918)
William II, Duke (918–926)
Acfred, Duke (926–927)
Ebalus, Duke (890–893, 927–932)
Raymond I, Duke (932–936)
Raymond II, Duke (936–955)
Hugh the Great, Duke (955–962)
William III, Duke (962–963)
William IV, Duke (963–995)
William V, Duke (995–1030)

County of Artois (complete list) –

Adelelm, Count (?–932)

Auvergne (complete list) –

William I, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)
William II, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)
Acfred, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (926–927)
Ebalus Manzer, Count (927–934)
Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse, Count (940–941)
William III, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (950–963)
Armand of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
Robert I of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
Robert II of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
Robert III of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
Guy I of Auvergne, Count (979–989)
William IV of Auvergne, Count (989–1016)

County of Boulogne (complete list) –

Baldwin I, Count (896–918)
Adelolf, Count (918–933)
Arnulf I, Count (933–964)
Arnulf II, Count (964–971)
Arnulf III, Count (971–990)
Baldwin II, Count (990–1025)

Bourbonnais (complete list) –

Aymar de Bourbon [fr], Lord (915–953)
Aymon Ier de Bourbon [fr], Lord (953–959)
Archambaud Ier de Bourbon [fr], Lord (959–990)
Archambaud II de Bourbon [fr], Lord (990–1031/34)

Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –

Alan I, King (876–907)
Gourmaëlon, ruler (907–c.914)
Hroflr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
Rognvaldr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
Incon, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
Alan II, Duke (938–952)
Drogo, Duke (952–958)
Hoël I, Duke (960–981)
Guerech, Duke (981–988)
Conan I, Duke (990–992))
Geoffrey I, Duke (992–1008)

Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –

Richard the Justiciar, Duke (880–921)
Rudolph, Duke (921–923)
Hugh the Black, Duke (923–952)
Gilbert, Duke (952–956)
Otto, Duke (956–965)
Eudes Henry, Duke (965–1002)

County of Flanders (complete list) –

Baldwin II, Count (879–918)
Arnulf I the Great, Count (918–964)
Baldwin III, Count (958–962)
Arnulf II, Count (964–988)
Baldwin IV the Bearded, Count (988–1037)

Duchy of Gascony (complete list) –

García II, Duke (893–c.930)
Sans IV, Duke (930–c.950)
Sans V, Duke (c.950–c.961)
Guilhem II, Duke (c.961–996)
Bernat I, Duke (996–1009)

County of Maine (complete list) –

Hugh I, Count (900–950)
Hugh II, Count (950–992)
Hugh III, Count (992–1015)

County of Nevers (complete list) –

Otto-Henry, Count (?–987)
Otto-William, Count (987–992)
Landri, Count (992–1028)

Duchy of Normandy (complete list) –

Rollo, Count (911–927)
William Longsword, Count (927–942)
Richard I the Fearless, Count (942–996)
Richard II the Good, Duke (996–1027)

County of Poitou (complete list) –

Robert I, Count (866–923)
Aymar, Count (892–902)
Ebalus, Count (890–893, 902–935)^[28]
William I, Count (935–963)
William II, Count (963–995)
William III, Count (969–1030)

Provence / Lower Burgundy (complete list) –

Louis the Blind, King(887–928)
Hugh, King(911–933)
Rotbold I, Count (961–1008)

County of Toulouse (complete list) –

Odo, Count (886–918)
Raymond II, Count (918–924)
Raymond III Pons, Count (924–c.950)
Raymond (IV), Count (c.950–c.961)
Hugh, Count (c.961–c.972)
Raymond (V), Count (c.972–c.978)
William III Taillefer, Count (978–1037)

County of Vermandois (complete list) –

Herbert I, Count (896–907)
Herbert II, Count (907–943)
Albert I the Pious, Count (943–988)
Herbert III, Count (987–997)
Albert II, Count (997–1035)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Kingdom of Abkhazia (complete list) –

Constantine III, King (c.898–916)
George II, King (c.916–960)
Leon III, King (c.960–969)
Demetrius III, King (c.969–976)
Theodosius III, King (c.976–978)
Bagrat III, King (978–1014)

Bagratid Armenia (complete list) –

Smbat I, King (890–912)
Ashot II, King (914–928)
Abas I, King (928–952)
Ashot III, King (952–977)
Smbat II, King (977–989)
Gagik I, King (989–1020)

Principality of Iberia (complete list) –

Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
David II, King (923–937)
Sumbat I, King (937–958)
Bagrat II, King (958–994)
Gurgen of Georgia, King (994–1008)

First Kingdom of Kakheti (complete list) –

Kvirike I, Prince (893–918)
Padla II, Prince (918–929)
Kvirike II, Prince (929–976)
David, Prince (976–1010)

Kingdom of Hereti (complete list) –

Adarnase II, King (897–943)
Ishchanik, King (943–951)
Iany I, King (951–959)

Kingdom of the Iberians (complete list) –

Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
David II, King (923–937)
Sumbat I, King (937–958)
Bagrat I, King (958–994)
Gurgen, King (994–1008)

Klarjeti (complete list) –

David I, King (900–943)
Sumbat II, King (943–988)
David II, King (988–992/993)
Sumbat III, King (992/993–1011)

Oceania

Easter Island

Easter Island (complete list) –

Uremata, King (?)
Te Riri Tuu Kura, King (?)
Korua Rongo, King (?)
Tiki Te Hatu, King (?)
Tiki Tena, King (?)
Uru Kenu, King (c.1000)

Tonga

Tuʻi Tonga Empire (complete list) –

'Aho'eitu, King (c. 950)
Lolofakangalo, King (?)
Fangaʻoneʻone, King (?)

References

^ This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri.
^ On the rise of the Fatimids, see Ibn Khaldoun (v.2 App. #2(pp.496–549))
^ See al-Nuwayri (v.2, App.1) and Ibn Khaldoun, v.2
^ L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.
^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 9788170170464.
^ Sushil Kumar Sullerey (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
^ Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International, 1999 - India - 668 pages. p. 437. ISBN 9788122411980.
^ Rajiv Kumar Verma (2015). "Kalachuri Inscriptions : A Reflection of Dwindling Political Power" (PDF). Veethika. 1 (3).
^ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 93–106. JSTOR 41490376.
^ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A copperplate land grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 259–273. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.
^ Woolf (2007) pp. 140–41
^ Howorth (1911) p. 12
^ Downham (2007) p. 185
^ Encyclopaedia of Wales
^ Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev))
^ Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev
^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
^ Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
^ Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800–1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. Vol. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.
^ ^a ^b Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
^ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 391.
^ Adémar II was one of two known sons of William II, but his status as count is only supported by one possible reading of his father's will. Debord (99–103) notes that he might have become count, while Bourgeois rejects the possibility (387 and 392). For William II's will, see: Paul Lefrancq, ed., Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Cybard (Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière, 1930), #222.
^ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93
^ ^a ^b ^c Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
^ Debord, 99–103 omits Richard; Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93, accepts him. Only mentioned in Adémar de Chabannes' chronicle, if he ruled at all it would have been in 975. Ademari Cabannensis opera omnia pars 1: Chronicon, ed. Pascale Bourgain, Richard Landes, and Georges Pon, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 129 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), III.28, 148.
^ Bourgeois, 387.
^ Bourgeois, 387.
^ Monarchs, Counts, Dynasties And Kingdoms Of The World, by R F Tapsell, 1983, Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY, page 211.

[1] This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri.

[2] On the rise of the Fatimids, see Ibn Khaldoun (v.2 App. #2(pp.496–549))

[3] See al-Nuwayri (v.2, App.1) and Ibn Khaldoun, v.2

[4] L. Petech (1980), 'Ya-ts'e, Gu-ge, Pu-rang: A new study', The Central Asiatic Journal 24, pp. 85–111; R. Vitali (1996), The kingdoms of Gu.ge Pu.hrang. Dharamsala: Tho.ling gtsug.lag.khang.

[5] Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 9788170170464.

[6] Sushil Kumar Sullerey (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.

[firstlaterganga-7] Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International, 1999 - India - 668 pages. p. 437. ISBN 9788122411980.

[8] Rajiv Kumar Verma (2015). "Kalachuri Inscriptions : A Reflection of Dwindling Political Power" (PDF). Veethika. 1 (3).

[9] Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 93–106. JSTOR 41490376.

[10] Dániel Balogh (2010). "A copperplate land grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 259–273. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.

[W140-11] Woolf (2007) pp. 140–41

[12] Howorth (1911) p. 12

[Downham_2007_p._185-13] Downham (2007) p. 185

[Encyclopaedia_of_Wales-14] Encyclopaedia of Wales

[15] Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev))

[16] Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev

[17] Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4

[18] Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.

[Aschehougp101-19] Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800–1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. Vol. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.

[autogenerated1-20] Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.

[21] Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 391.

[22] Adémar II was one of two known sons of William II, but his status as count is only supported by one possible reading of his father's will. Debord (99–103) notes that he might have become count, while Bourgeois rejects the possibility (387 and 392). For William II's will, see: Paul Lefrancq, ed., Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Cybard (Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière, 1930), #222.

[23] Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93

[autogenerated2-24] Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.

[25] Debord, 99–103 omits Richard; Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93, accepts him. Only mentioned in Adémar de Chabannes' chronicle, if he ruled at all it would have been in 975. Ademari Cabannensis opera omnia pars 1: Chronicon, ed. Pascale Bourgain, Richard Landes, and Georges Pon, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 129 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), III.28, 148.

[26] Bourgeois, 387.

[27] Bourgeois, 387.

[FactsonFile-28] Monarchs, Counts, Dynasties And Kingdoms Of The World, by R F Tapsell, 1983, Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY, page 211.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

v t e Lists of state leaders by century
4th–3rd mill. BC	4th–3rd millennia BC
2nd millennium BC	20th century 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th BC
1st millennium BC	10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st BC
1st millennium	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th HRE
2nd millennium	11th HRE 12th HRE 13th HRE 14th HRE 15th HRE SA 16th HRE SA 17th HRE SA 18th HRE SA 19th 1801–1850 1851–1900 HRE SA 20th 1901–1950 1951–2000 SA
3rd millennium	21st 2000s 2010s 2020s current