Lagenorhynchus
| Lagenorhynchus | |
|---|---|
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| Lagenorhynchus albirostris | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Infraorder: | Cetacea |
| Family: | Delphinidae |
| Genus: | Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 |
| Type species | |
| Delphinus albirostris [2] Gray, 1846
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| Species | |
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Lagenorhynchus albirostris | |
Lagenorhynchus is a genus of oceanic dolphins in the infraorder Cetacea, presently containing six extant species.[3] However, there is consistent molecular evidence that the genus is polyphyletic[4] and several of the species are likely to be moved to other genera. In addition, the extinct species Lagenorhynchus harmatuki is also classified in this genus.[5]
Etymology
[edit]The name Lagenorhynchus derives from the Greek lagenos meaning "bottle" and rhynchus meaning "beak". Indeed, the "bottle-nose" is a characteristic of this genus. However, the dolphins popularly called bottlenose dolphins belong in the genus Tursiops.
Taxonomy
[edit]There is compelling phylogenetic molecular evidence that the genus Lagenorhynchus is polyphyletic, in that it currently contains several species that are not closely related.[6] LeDuc, Perrin & Dizon 1999 found that white-beaked and Atlantic white-sided dolphins are phylogenetically isolated within the Delphinidae, where they are believed to be rather basal members of the family, along with the orca (subfamily Orcininae).[7]
The remaining four species in the genus Lagenorhynchus—the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Peale's dolphin, hourglass dolphin and the dusky dolphin—are consistently placed within the Lissodelphininae subfamily, in studies of molecular phylogeny,[8][4] together with the right whale dolphin and the four species of the genus Cephalorhynchus (including Hector's dolphin). Some authors have suggested these four species be placed in the resurrected genus Sagmatias.[6][4] However, other molecular studies place the hourglass and Peale's dolphins, phylogenetically, within the genus Cephalorhynchus and do not agree with inclusion in a new genus (together with Pacific white-sided dolphin and dusky dolphin).[8]
This phylogeny is supported by acoustic and morphological data; both the hourglass and Peale's dolphins share, with the other species of Cephalorhynchus, a distinctive type of echolocation signal known as a narrow-band/high-frequency signal.[9][10] This signal is also used by porpoises (Phocoenidae) and the pygmy sperm whales (Kogiidae), but is not found among other dolphins. According to Schevill & Watkins 1971, Peale's dolphin, and the other Cephalorhynchus species, are the only dolphins that do not "whistle"; presumably, this would be the case for hourglass dolphins, as well. Peale's dolphin also shares with several Cephalorhynchus species the possession of a distinct white marking behind the pectoral (“armpit”) fin.[citation needed]
The melon-headed whale was first classified as member of the genus Lagenorhynchus, but was later moved to its own genus, Peponocephala.[11]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Fossilworks: Lagenorhynchus".
- ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ "List of marine mammal species". Society for Marine Mammalogy. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- ^ a b c LeDuc, Perrin & Dizon 1999
- ^ "Fossilworks: Lagenorhynchus harmatuki". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ a b Vollmer, Nicole L.; Ashe, Erin; Brownell, Robert L.; Cipriano, Frank; Mead, James G.; Reeves, Randall R.; Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Williams, Rob (2019). "Taxonomic revision of the dolphin genus Lagenorhynchus". Marine Mammal Science. 35 (3): 957–1057. Bibcode:2019MMamS..35..957V. doi:10.1111/mms.12573. ISSN 1748-7692. S2CID 92421374.
- ^ McGowen, Michael R; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A; Rossiter, Stephen J (2019-10-21). "Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture". Systematic Biology. 69 (3): 479–501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068. ISSN 1063-5157. PMC 7164366. PMID 31633766.
- ^ a b May-Collado & Agnarsson 2006
- ^ Tougaard & Kyhn 2010
- ^ Kyhn et al. 2010
- ^ Nishiwaki, M. and K.S. Norris (1966). "A new genus, Peponocephala, for the odontocete cetacean species (Electra electra)". The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute. 20: 95–100.
References
[edit]- Kyhn, LA; Jensen, FH; Beedholm, FH; Tougaard, J (June 2010). "Echolocation in sympatric Peale's dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis) and Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) producing narrow-band high-frequency clicks". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (11): 1940–9. doi:10.1242/jeb.042440. ISSN 0022-0949. OCLC 618825118. PMID 20472781.
- LeDuc, R.G.; Perrin, W.F.; Dizon, A.E. (July 1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences". Marine Mammal Science. 15 (3): 619–648. Bibcode:1999MMamS..15..619L. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00833.x. ISSN 0824-0469.
- May-Collado, Laura; Agnarsson, Ingi (2006). "Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 344–54. Bibcode:2006MolPE..38..344M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019. ISSN 1055-7903. OCLC 441745572. PMID 16325433.
- Schevill, W.E.; Watkins, W.A. (January 15, 1971). "Pulsed sounds of the porpoise Lagenorhynchus australis". Breviora. 366: 1–10. ISSN 0006-9698. OCLC 80876226.
- Tougaard, J; Kyhn, LA (2010). "Echolocation sounds of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) are similar to the narrow band high-frequency echolocation sounds of the dolphin genus Cephalorhynchus". Marine Mammal Science. 26 (1): 239–45. Bibcode:2010MMamS..26..239T. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00307.x. ISSN 0824-0469. OCLC 497138903.
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