List of political parties in Belarus
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 Belarus portal |
This is a list of political parties in Belarus.
Though Belarus has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a de facto one-party system within an Authoritarian State. [1][2]
Officially registered parties
[edit]According to the "press service of the president of Belarus" only four parties are officially registered:[3]
| Name | Abbr. | Leader | Ideology | Representatives | Councilors | Political position | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Belaya Rus Белая Русь |
BR БР |
Oleg Romanov | Statism Russophilia Pro-Lukashenko |
51 / 110
|
16 / 64
|
Big tent | RKSKPPGA | |
| Republican Party of Labour and Justice Республиканская партия труда и справедливости Рэспубліканская партыя працы і справядлівасьці |
RPTS РПТС РППС |
Alexander Stepanov | Socialism Pro-Lukashenko |
8 / 110
|
0 / 64
|
Centre-left | RKSKPPGA Regional: FSS CIS | ||
|
Communist Party of Belarus Коммунистическая партия Беларуси Камуністычная партыя Беларусі |
CPB КПБ |
Aliaksiej Sokal | Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism Belarusian–Russian unionism |
7 / 110
|
1 / 64
|
Far-left | National: RKSKPPGA Regional: UCP – CPSU International: IMCWP | |
|
Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus Либерально-демократическая партия Беларуси Ліберальна-дэмакратычная партыя Беларусі |
LDPB ЛДПБ |
Oleg Gaidukevich | 4 / 110
|
0 / 64
|
Right-wing | Regional: LDPR | ||
Parties that have never been registered
[edit]
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Deregistered parties
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Foundation | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPF Party Партыя БНФ Партия БНФ |
PBNF ПБНФ |
Ryhor Kastusioŭ | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy Conservatism Pro-Europeanism |
Centre-right to right-wing | 1993 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
BNB, UDF European: ECR Party International: IDU | ||
| Belarusian Green Party Беларуская партыя «Зялёныя» Белорусская партия «Зелёные» |
BGP БПЗ |
Dźmitry Kučuk | Green politics Eco-socialism Environmentalism Anti-capitalism Alter-globalism |
Left-wing | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
BNB European: EGP (associate) International: GG (associate) | ||
|
Belarusian Left Party "A Just World" Беларуская партыя левых «Справядлівы свет» Белорусская партия левых «Справедливый мир» |
BPL БПЛ |
Sergey Kalyakin | Socialism Anti-Lukashenko |
Left-wing | 1991 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
National: UDF European: PEL | |
| Belarusian Patriotic Party Белорусская патриотическая партия Беларуская патрыятычная партыя |
BPP БПП |
Nikolai Ulakhovich | Socialism Pro-Lukashenko |
Left-wing | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
RKSKPPGA | ||
| Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная Грамада Белорусская социал-демократическая Грамада |
BSDA БСДГ |
Siarhiej Čeračań | Social democracy Civic nationalism Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism |
Centre-left | 1991 (first) 1998 (current) (officially deregistered in 2023) |
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Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Грамада) |
BSDP (Hramada) БСДП (Грамада) |
Ihar Barysaŭ | Social democracy Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism |
Centre-left | 2005 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
UDF European: PES International: PA (observer) | |
| Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Народная Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Народная Громада) |
BSDP (PA) БСДП (НГ) |
Mikola Statkevich | Social democracy Sustainable development Non-interventionism |
Centre-left | 1996 (officially deregistered in 2005) |
International: PA, SI | ||
|
Belarusian Social Sporting Party Белорусская социально-спортивная партия Беларуская сацыяльна-спартыўная партыя |
BSSP БССП |
Vladimir Alexandrovich | Welfarism Pro-Lukashenko Russophilia |
Centre-left | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
RKSKPPGA | |
| Belarusian Women's Party "Nadzieja" Беларуская партыя жанчын «Надзея» Белорусская партия женщин «Надзея» |
BWP "Nadzieja" БПЖ «Надзея» |
Aliena Jaśkova | Women's rights Social democracy |
Centre-left | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2007) |
UDF European: International: PA | ||
|
Conservative Christian Party – BPF Кансерватыўна-хрысціянская партыя — БНФ Консервативно-христианская партия — БНФ |
CChP-BPF КХП-БНФ |
Zianon Pazniak | Belarusian nationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Christian right |
Right-wing | 1999 (officially deregistered in 2023) | ||
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Republican Party Республиканская партия Рэспубліканская партыя |
RP РП |
Uladzimir Belazor | Eurasianism Pro-Lukashenko |
Centre (official) | 1994 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
RKSKPPGA | |
| Social Democratic Party of Popular Accord Социал-демократическая партия народного согласия Сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя Народнай Згоды |
SDPPA СДПНС СДПНЗ |
Sergey Yermak | Social democracy Pro-Lukashenko |
Centre-left | 1997 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
RKSKPPGA | ||
| United Civic Party Аб'яднаная грамадзянская партыя Объединённая гражданская партия |
UCP АГП ОГП |
Mikalaj Kazloŭ | Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism |
Centre-right | 1995 (officially deregistered in 2023) |
UDF European: EPP (observer) International: IDU | ||
Political movements
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Foundation | Alliances | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian Students' Association Задзіночанне беларускіх студэнтаў |
BSA БРСМ |
Youth rights | 1988 officially deregistered in 2001 |
European Students' Union | ||||
| Belarusian Republican Youth Union Белорусский республиканский союз молодёжи Беларускi рэспубліканскі саюз моладзі |
BRSM БРСМ |
Dmitry Voronyuk | Patriotism Moral values Pro-Lukashenko |
Big tent | 2002 (not registered) |
RKSKPPGA | ||
|
Legalize Belarus Legalize Belarus |
Liberalism | Advocation for drug liberalization | 2017 (not registered) |
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Young Front Малады фронт Молодой фронт |
MF МФ |
Dzianis Urbanovič | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy |
Centre-right to right-wing | 1997 (not registered) |
UDF European: YEPP, EDS | |
| Young Democrats Маладыя дэмакраты Молодые демократы |
MD МД |
Alaksandar Šumkievič | Christian democracy | Centre-right | 1997 (officially deregistered in 2004) |
BNB European: YEPP (observer) ECPYouth (observer) | ||
|
Right Alliance Правы альянс Правый альянс |
PFP ПСП |
Juraś Karetnikaŭ | Conservatism Traditionalism Civic nationalism Belarusian nationalism |
Right-wing to far-right | 2004-2011 (not registered) |
||
| Young Belarus Маладая Беларусь Молодая Беларусь |
MB МБ |
Artur Fińkievič | Belarusian nationalism Christian democracy Conservatism |
Centre-right to right-wing | 2004 (not registered) |
BNB | ||
| Youth Bloc Моладзевы блок |
MB МБ |
Classical liberalism | Center | 2019 (not registered) |
International Federation of Liberal Youth (associate member) | |||
|
Revolutionary Action Рэвалюцыйнае дзеянне Революционное действие |
RD РД |
Collective leadership | Anarcho-communism Social anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism Illegalism Platformism |
Far-left | 2005 (not registered) |
Regional: AD | |
|
Movement "For Freedom" Рух «За свабоду» Движение «За свободу» |
Za svabodu За свабод уЗа свободу |
Yury Gubarevič | Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism |
Big tent | 2006 (not registered) |
UDF, BNB | |
| Tell the Truth Гавары праўду Говори правду |
GP ГП |
Andrey Dmitriyeu Tatsiana Karatkevich |
Democratization Anti-Lukashenko |
Big tent | 2010 (not registered) |
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Historical parties and movements (1991–present)
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Belarusian Popular Front "Adradžeńnie" Беларускі народны фронт «Адраджэньне» Белорусский народный фронт «Возрождение» |
BPF БНФ |
Zianon Pazniak | Anti-communism Belarusian nationalism National democracy |
Centre-right | 1989-1993 (successed by BPF Party and CChP–BPF) | |
| United Democratic Party of Belarus Аб'яднаная дэмакратычная партыя Беларусі Объединённая демократическая партия Беларуси |
UDPB АДПБ ОДПБ |
Stanislaŭ Bahdankievič | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | 1990-1995 (merged into UCP) | ||
|
Belarusian Peasant Party Беларуская сялянская партыя Белорусская крестьянская партия |
BPP БСП БКП |
Jaŭhien Luhin | Agrarianism Liberalism Belarusian nationalism |
Centre-right | 1991-1999 | |
| Belarusian Christian Democratic Union Беларуская хрысціянска-дэмакратычная злучнасць Белорусский христианско-демократический союз |
BCDU БХДЗ БХДС |
P. Silka | Christian democracy Belarusization |
Centre-right | 1991-? | ||
| Belarusian Party of Communists Партыя камуністаў беларуская Партия коммунистов белорусская |
PCB ПКБ |
Sergey Kalyakin | Communism Marxism Socialism |
Left-wing to far-left | 1991-2009 (rebranded into A Just World) | ||
|
Slavic Council "Belaya Rus" Славянскі сабор «Белая Русь» Славянский собор «Белая Русь» |
SCBR ССБР |
Mikalaj Siarhiejeŭ Valieryj Suriajeŭ Michail Iĺin |
Great Russian nationalism Russian irredentism Russophilia Slavophilia Pan-Slavism |
Right-wing to far-right | 1992-1999 | |
| People's Accord Party Партыя народнай згоды Партия народного согласия |
PAP ПНЗ ПНС |
Hienadź Karpienka | Social democracy | Centre-left | 1992-1996 (merged into SDPPA) | ||
|
|
Belarusian Freedom Party Беларуская партыя свабоды Белорусская партия свободы |
BFP БПС |
Serhiy Visotskiy | Belarusian nationalism National conservatism Russophobia |
Far-right | 1992-2003 (successed by PA) | |
| Belarusian Ecological Green Party Беларуская экалягічная партыя зялёных Белорусская экологическая партия зеленых |
BEGP БЭПЗ |
Mikalaj Kartaš | Green politics | Centre-left | 1992-2007 | ||
|
Belarusian Agrarian Party Белорусская аграрная партия Беларуская аграрная партыя |
BAP БАП |
Mikhail Rusy | Agrarian socialism Pro-Lukashenko |
Left-wing | 1992-2023 | |
|
Beer Lovers Party Партыя аматараў піва Партия любителей пива |
BLP ПАП ПЛП |
Andrej Ramašeŭski | Joke party Liberalism |
Centre-right | 1993-1997 | |
| Polish Democratic Association Польскае дэмакратычнае аб’яднанне Польское демократическое объединение Polskie Zjednoczenie Demokratyczne |
PZD ПДА ПДО |
Edward Ochrem Konstanty Tarasiewicz |
Polish minority interests Christian democracy |
Centre-right | 1993-1995 | ||
| Belarusian Labour Party Беларуская партыя працы Белорусская партия труда |
BPT БПП БПТ |
Aliaksandar Buchvostaŭ | Social democracy Labourism |
Centre-left | 1993-2009 (merged into BSDP) | ||
| Civic Party Грамадзянская партыя Гражданская партия |
GP ГП |
Jaroslav Romanchuk | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | 1994-1995 (merged into UCP) | ||
| Belarusian Popular Party Беларуская народная партыя Белорусская народная партия |
BPP БНП |
Victor Tereshchenko | Social liberalism | Centre | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Women's Party "Nadzieja" Беларуская партыя жанчын «Надзея» Белорусская партия женщин «Надзея» |
BWP "Nadzieja" БПЖ «Надзея» |
Aliena Jaśkova | Women's rights Social democracy |
Centre-left | 1994-2007 (officially deregistered) | ||
| Belarusian National Party Беларуская нацыянальная партыя Белорусская национальная партия |
BNP БПНП |
Anatoĺ Astapienka | Belarusian nationalism Christian conservatism |
Right-wing | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Party "Green Peace" Беларуская партыя «Зялёны мір» Белорусская партия «Зелёный мир» |
BPGP БПЗМ |
Anatoĺ Astapienka | Green politics Pacifism |
Centre-left | 1994-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Christian Democratic Party Беларуская хрысціянска-дэмакратычная партыя Белорусская христианско-демократическая партия |
BCDP БХДП |
Mikalaj Krukoŭski | Christian democracy | Centre to centre-right | 1994-1999 | ||
| All-Belarusian Unity and Accord Party Партыя ўсебеларускага адзінства і згоды Партия всебелорусского единства и согласия |
PVES ПЎАЗ ПВЕС |
Social liberalism | Centre | 1994-1999 | |||
| Christian Democratic Choice Хрысціянска-дэмакратычны выбар Христианско-демократический выбор |
CDV ХДВ |
Valieryj Saroka | Christian democracy | Centre | 1995-1999 | ||
| National Democratic Party of Belarusians Нацыянальна-дэмакратычная партыя беларусаў Национально-демократическая партия белорусов |
NDBP НДПБ |
Viktar Navumienka | Belarusian nationalism National democracy |
Right-wing | 1995-? | ||
| Belarusian Socialist Party Беларуская сацыялістычная партыя Белорусская социалистическая партия |
BSP БСП |
Michail Padhajny | Socialism Democratic socialism |
Left-wing | 1995-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Ecological Party Беларуская экалягічная партыя Белорусская экологическая партия |
BEP БЭП |
Michail Frydliand | Green politics Environmentalism |
Centre-left | 1995-1998 (merged into BEGP) | ||
| Belarusian Republican Party Беларуская рэспубліканская партыя Белорусская республиканская партия |
BRP БРП |
Valier Artyšeŭski | Liberalism Belarusian nationalism |
Centre-right | 1995-1999 | ||
| Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная партыя (Народная Грамада) Белорусская социал-демократическая партия (Народная Громада) |
BSDP (PA) БСДП (НГ) |
Mikola Statkevich | Social democracy Sustainable development Non-interventionism |
Centre-left | 1996-2005 (officially deregistered, merged into BSDP) | ||
| Belarusian Resistance Movement "ZUBR" Беларускі Рух Супраціву "ЗУБР" Белорусское движение сопротивления "ЗУБР" |
ZUBR ЗУБР |
Mikita Sasim Jaŭhien Afnahieĺ |
Nonviolent resistance Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism |
Catch-all | 2001-2006 | ||
| European Coalition Free Belarus Еўрапейская кааліцыя «Свабодная Беларусь» Европейская коалиция «Свободная Беларусь» |
ECFB ЕКСБ |
Andrej Sańnikaŭ | Liberal democracy Pro-Europeanism |
Centre | 2003-2005 | ||
|
People's Coalition 5 Plus Народная каалица 5 Плюс Народная коалиция 5 Плюс |
5 Plus 5 Плюс |
Collective leadership | Big tent Pro-Europeanism |
Catch-all | 2004-2006 (merged into UDF) | |
| Civil Alliance for Just and Fair Elections for a Better Life "Talaka" Грамадзянскі альянс за справядлівыя і сумленныя выбары для лепшага жыцця «Талака» Гражданский альянс за справедливые и честные выборы для лучшей жизни «Талака» |
Talaka Талака |
Collective leadership | Big tent Anti-Lukashenko Pro-Europeanism |
Catch-all | 2013-2015 | ||
Soviet parties (1918–1991)
[edit]CPB
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sole legal party (before 1990) | |||||||
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Communist Party of Byelorussia Коммунистическая партия Белоруссии Камуністычная партыя Беларусі |
CPB КПБ |
Alexander Miasnikian (first) Anatoly Malofeyev (last) |
Communism Marxism–Leninism |
Far-left | 1918-1991 (succeeded by PCB) | |
| (in Poland) | Communist Party of Western Belorussia Камуністычная партыя Заходняй Беларусі Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Białorusi |
KPZB КПЗБ |
Joseph Loginovich Stephan Mertens Vera Kharuzhaya |
Communism Marxism–Leninism National communism |
Far-left | 1923-1938 | |
| (in Poland) | Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union Беларуская сялянска-работніцкая грамада Białoruska Włościańsko-Robotnicza Hromada |
BPWU БСРГ BWRH |
Branislaw Tarashkyevich | Belarusian separatism Socialism Left-wing nationalism Agrarian socialism |
Left-wing | 1925-1927 | |
Clandestine parties
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries Беларуская партыя сацыялістаў-рэвалюцыянераў Белорусская партия социалистов-революционеров |
BPS-R БПС-Р |
Paluta Badunova | Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism |
Left-wing | 1918-1924 | ||
| Belarusian National Socialist Party Беларуская нацыянал-сацыялістычная партыя Белорусская национал-социалистическая партия |
BNSP БНСП |
Fabijan Akinčyc | Belarusian nationalism Nazism Antisemitism Anti-communism |
Far-right | 1933-1943 | ||
| Belarusian Independence Party Беларуская незалежніцкая партыя Белорусская независимая партия |
BNP БНП |
Vincent Hadleŭski Mikalaj Ščors |
Belarusian nationalism Fascism Nazism Anti-communism |
Far-right | 1939/42-1950s | ||
|
|
Belarusian Popular Front "Adradžeńnie" Беларускі народны фронт «Адраджэньне» Белорусский народный фронт «Возрождение» |
BPF БНФ |
Zianon Pazniak | Anti-communism Belarusian nationalism National democracy |
Centre-right | 1989-1993 legalized in 1990 | |
Independence parties (1917–1918)
[edit]| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia Усеагульны яўрэйскі рабочы саюз у Літве, Польшчы і Расіі אַלגעמײנער ייִדישער אַרבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פּױלן און רוסלאַנד |
Bund Бунд בונד |
Victor Alter | Bundism Socialism Jewish Autonomism Non-Zionism Secularism |
Left-wing | 1897-1921 | |
| Belarusian Socialist Assembly Беларуская сацыялістычная грамада Белорусская социалистическая грамада |
BSA БСГ |
Anton Luckievich Ivan Luckievič Alaiza Pashkevich |
Neo-Narodism Belarusian nationalism Agrarian socialism Left-wing nationalism |
Left-wing | 1902-1918 | ||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jones, Mark P. (2018). Herron, Erik S; Pekkanen, Robert J; Shugart, Matthew S (eds.). "Presidential and Legislative Elections". The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001. ISBN 9780190258658. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... Lukashenko's 2015 election occurred within an authoritarian context.
Levitsky, Steven (2013). Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4, 9–10, 21, 70. ISBN 978-0-521-88252-1. OCLC 968631692.Crabtree, Charles; Fariss, Christopher J.; Schuler, Paul (2016). "The presidential election in Belarus, October 2015". Electoral Studies. 42: 304–307. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.02.006. ISSN 0261-3794. S2CID 155377250."Belarus strongman Lukashenko marks 25 years in power | DW | 10 July 2019". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 21 May 2020. - ^ "Belarus leader dismisses democracy even as vote takes place". AP NEWS. 17 November 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.Rausing, Sigrid (7 October 2012). "Belarus: inside Europe's last dictatorship". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 August 2014.World Report 2020: Rights Trends in Belarus. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)"Human rights by country – Belarus". Amnesty International Report 2007. Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007. - ^ Политические партии
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20150614141417/http://nazbol.info/rubr1/5458.html Нацболы Беларуси перешли в оппозицию Лукашенко
External links
[edit]- List of political parties from the Ministry of Justice (in Russian)
- Political Parties In Belarus - Do They Really Matter?
- Opposition Reshaping: Where Will It Lead?