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List of last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars

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This a chronological list of the last surviving veterans of military insurgencies, conflicts and wars around the world. The listed wars span from the 13th century BC to the Korean War.

Classical antiquity

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Middle Ages

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Muslim–Quraysh Wars (622–630)

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Norman conquest of England (1066–1088)

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Early modern period

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These cases, particularly with respect to the ages claimed by the veterans, cannot be verified as it was common in pre-industrialised societies for elders to exaggerate their age.

17th century

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Indian Wars (1622–1924)

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English Civil War (1642–1651)

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First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654)

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18th century

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Great Northern War (1700–1721)

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War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)

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Jacobite risings (1719–1745)

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War of the Polish Succession (1733–1738)

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Russo-Turkish wars (1735–1774)

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French and Indian War (1754–1763)

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Seven Years' War (1754–1763)

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American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)

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Inconfidência Mineira (1789)

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French Revolution (1789–1799)

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Irish Rebellion of 1798

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19th century

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Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)

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  • Vincent Markiewicz (1795?–1903) – France. Claimed last Polish veteran. Known to have fought for Napoleon.[51] However in 1912 there were three Polish men who claimed to have fought at Borodino, but it is unlikely they were real veterans due to lack of documentation and improbable age ranges from 120 to 133.
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899) – France. Last Dutch veteran and verified veteran. Europe's oldest man at the time of his death. He fought for Napoleon in the 33ème Régiment Léger.[46]
  • August Schmidt (1795–1899) – Prussia. Last surviving German and Prussian veteran of the conflict and also last surviving veteran of the battle of Waterloo of all nations participating.[1] He fought in the Battle of Bautzen, Battle of Großbeeren, Battle of Dennewitz, Battle of Leipzig, Battle of Laon, and in the Battle of Waterloo.[52][53]
  • Louis Victor Baillot (1793–1898) – France. Last surviving French veteran of the Battle of Waterloo.[2] Also saw action at siege of Hamburg.[54][55]
  • Henry James (1799–1898) – United Kingdom. Last Royal Navy veteran. Enlisted in 1812 and served on HMS Pompee. Saw action off Toulon.[56][57]
  • Lars Jespersen Kike (1796–1897) – Norway. Last Norwegian veteran of the Swedish-Norwegian War.[58][59]
  • Leonard Meesters (1796–1896) – France. Last Belgian veteran. Fought for Napoleon.[46]
  • Josephine Mazurkewicz (1794–1896) – France. Last female veteran. Assistant surgeon in Napoleon's army. Later partook in Crimean War.[46]
  • Ferdinand Scharnhorst (1797?–1893) – United Kingdom. Last British Army participant of Waterloo. Served in the King's German Legion.[60][61]
  • Gaspar Costela Vázquez (1787–1892) – Spain. Last veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar. Served in the navy aboard Spanish ship Santa Ana.[62][63][64]
  • Vasilij Nikolaevich Kochetkov (1785?–1892) – Russia. Enlisted 7 March 1811. Served in Grenadier Lifeguard Regiment at Borodino. Served 66+1⁄2 years until 12 October 1877 when wounded during service in the Russian-Ottoman War.[65]
  • Emmanuel Louis Cartigny (1791-1892) - France. Last French veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar.[66]
  • Joseph Sutherland (1789–1890) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on HMS Beaulieu and was the last British survivor of Trafalgar.[67]

War of 1812 (1812–1815)

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Seminole Wars (1816–1858)

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Greek War of Independence (1821–1832)

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July Revolution (1830)

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Belgian Revolution (1830–1831)

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Black Hawk War (1832)

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  • Henry L. Riggs (1812–1911) – United States.[86]

Texas War of Independence (1835–1836)

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Ragamuffin War (1835-1845)

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Rebellions of 1837–1838

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First Opium War (1839–1842)

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Mexican–American War (1846–1848)

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Hungarian Revolution of 1848

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Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849)

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First Schleswig War (1848–1851)

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Crimean War (1853–1856)

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Eureka Rebellion (1854)

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  • William Edward Atherdon (1838–1936) — Stockade rebels.[109][110]

Indian Rebellion (1857–1859)

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New Zealand Wars (1845–1872)

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Second Italian War of Independence (1859)

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Expedition of the Thousand (1860–1861)

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American Civil War (1861–1865)

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Union

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Confederacy

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Name Claimed birth date Believed birth date Death date Status
Pleasant Crump 23 December 1847 31 December 1951 Verified
Felix M. Witkoski 5 January 1850 October 1854 3 February 1952 Dubious
Thomas Edwin Ross 19 July 1850 27 March 1952 Possible
Richard William Cumpston 23 May 1841 5 September 1952 Unknown
William Murphy Loudermilk[124] 23 October 1847[125] April 1851[126] 18 September 1952 Possible
William Joshua Uncle Josh Bush[127] 10 July 1845 July 1846 11 November 1952 Verified[128]
Arnold Murray[129] 10 June 1846 1842/1855[130] 26 November 1952 Possible[131]
William Daniel Uncle Eli Townsend[127] 12 April 1846 22 February 1953 Verified[132]
William Albert Kinney 10 February 1843/1846[133] 10 February 1861[134] 23 June 1953 Probable[135]
Thomas Evans Riddle 16 April 1846[136] 1862[137] 2 April 1954 Possible[138]

Most cases are questionable, though it should be remembered that many Confederate records were destroyed or lost to history. Unlike the U.S. Armed Forces archives, the Confederate Armed Forces records had no official archive system after the war. However, for most of the cases investigated, the ages of the claimants alone were enough to prove their claim was false. Walter Williams was generally acknowledged as the "last Confederate veteran" in 1950s newspapers. However, in September 1959 an exposé by The New York Times revealed that he was in fact born in 1854 in Itawamba County, Mississippi, and not 1842 as claimed. Still, since John B. Salling and all the other claimants were dead, Williams was celebrated as the last Confederate veteran after his death on 20 December 1959.[139]

Salling's own status is disputed. In 1991, William Marvel examined the claims of Salling and several other "last Civil War veterans" for a piece in the Civil War history magazine Blue & Gray. Marvel found census data that indicated Salling was born in 1858, not 1846. Although in 1900 Salling supplied a birthdate of March 1858, he appears to have been born around 1856, still too late to have served in the Confederate Army. The 1860 census lists him as 4 years old, and the 1870 census as 14.[140] William Lundy is listed as 1 year old on the 1860 census, and from 1870 until 1930 he gave census marshals ages that reflected birthdates as early as 1853 and as late as 1860. He did not push his birthdate back to the 1840s until he applied for a Confederate pension from the state of Florida. In the same piece, Marvel confirmed Woolson's claim to be the last surviving Union Army veteran and asserted that Woolson was the last genuine Civil War veteran on either side. However, Marvel did not present research establishing who, among the several other Confederate claims from the 1950s, some of which appear to be genuine, was the real last Confederate veteran.

French invasion of Mexico (1861–1867)

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January Uprising (1863–1865)

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Second Schleswig War (1864)

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  • Ludwig Herman Klein (1846–1943) – Denmark. Last Naval veteran. Served on the Geiser.[144]
  • Ove Henning Jacobsen (1841–1941) – Denmark. Last Army veteran. Fought at Dybbøl.[145]

Paraguayan War (1864-1870)

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Fenian raids (1866–1871)

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  • Henry Bayles Hooke (1849–1954) – Canada. Fought in the raid of 1866 at Ridgeway.[150][151]
  • William Craig (1850–1951) – Canada. Fought in the raids of 1870–71.[152][153]

Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868)

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Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)

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Paris Commune (1871)

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  • Adrien Lejeune (1847–1942) – Communards. Last Communard.[155][46]
  • Antonin Desfarges (1851–1941) – Communards. Last député.[46]
  • Eugène François Louis Liné (1850–1940) – France.[156]

Third Anglo-Ashanti War (1873–1874)

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

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Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880)

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  • Alfred Hawker (1858–1962) – British Empire. Served in the British Army.[159]

Zulu War (1879)

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  • Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire.
  • Charles Wallace Warden (c.1854–1953) – British Empire. Transferred to First Foot in 1874.[160]
  • Frank Bourne (1854–1945) – British Empire. Last survivor of Rorke's Drift.

War of the Pacific (1879–1884)

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First Boer War (1880–1881)

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Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)

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  • Albert Canning (1861–1960) – British Empire. Served in the 19th Hussars. Also served in the Mahdist War and World War I.[168]

Mahdist War (1882–1899)

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Nile Expedition (1884–1885)

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  • Edward Hyde Hamilton Gordon (1861–1955) – British Empire. Last officer.[171]

North-West Rebellion (1885)

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Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–1894)

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Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898)

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War of Canudos (1896–1897)

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Spanish–American War (1898)

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Second Boer War (1899–1902)

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Philippine–American War (1899–1902)

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Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)

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  • Nathan E. Cook (1885–1992) – United States. Served in the Navy.
  • Walter Pleate (1876–1985) — United States. Served in the Army.[187]

20th century

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Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)

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Macedonian Struggle (1904–1908)

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Potemkin Mutiny (1905)

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Revolt of the Lash (1910)

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Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)

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Xinhai Revolution (1911–1912)

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Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912)

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  • Michele Traini (1892–1996) – Italy. Sent to Libya in 1912. Returned home following WWI.[200][201]

Balkan Wars (1912–1913)

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Contestado War (1912–1916)

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  • Altino Bueno da Silva (1903–2014) – Last rebellious child and witness of the slaughter.[207]
  • Firmino Rodrigues Martim (1894–c.2000) – Brazilian Army (vaqueanos).[208]

World War I (1914–1918)

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Main article: List of last surviving World War I veterans

Easter Rising (1916)

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October Revolution (1917)

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Russian Civil War (1917–1922)

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Russian participants:

Veterans of Allied Intervention:

Finnish Civil War (1918)

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Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)

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German Revolution of 1918–1919

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Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919)

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Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920)

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Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920)

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Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–1920)

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Irish War of Independence (1919–1921)

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Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921)

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Silesian Uprisings (1919–1921)

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Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923)

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Rif War (1920–1926)

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Coto War (1921)

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Copacabana Fort revolt (1922)

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March on Rome (1922)

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Irish Civil War (1922–1923)

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Northern Expedition (1926–1928)

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Cristero War (1926–1929)

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Chittagong armoury raid (1930)

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Brazilian Revolution of 1930

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January 28 incident (1932)

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Constitutionalist Revolution (1932)

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  • Alfredo Pires Filho (1920–2021) – São Paulo. Last rebel Boy Scout messenger. Later trained the Brazilian pilots during the World War II.[270]
  • Olimpio Martins Pires (1910–2020) – Brazil. Served in the PMMG. Also participated in the Revolution of 1930.[266][267]
  • Maria de Lourdes Pinto Picarelli (1913–2019) – São Paulo. Last female rebel combattant.[271][272]
  • Arlindo Leonardo Ribeiro (1913–2019) – São Paulo. Last Barretos rebel combattant.[273]
  • Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy (1912–2017) – São Paulo. Last Jundiaí rebel combattant.[271][274]
  • José Mango (1913–2015) – São Paulo. Last rebel veteran of the Battle of Gravi.[275]
  • Natalino Antonio Augusto (1910–2014) – São Paulo. Last Campinas rebel combattant.[276]
  • Osvaldo Rafael Santiago (1915–2013) – São Paulo. Last Itapetininga rebel combattant.[277]
  • José Luiz Silveira (1909–c. 2011) – Brazil. Served in the BMRS. Last Battle of Cerro Alegre combattant. Also participated in the Revolution of 1923 and in the Revolution of 1930.[278][279][280]

Long March (1934–1935)

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Brazilian communist uprising of 1935

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  • Antero de Almeida (1906–2014) – National Liberation Alliance.[283]

Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

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1936 Naval Revolt

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  • José Júnior Barata (1916–2014) – Portuguese Navy rebels.[290][291]

World War II (1939–1945)

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Korean War (1950–1953)

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See also

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References

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  91. ^ "CABO MANOEL DE SOUZA: Considerado o soldado mais velho do exército, Cabo Manoel de Souza, veterano da guerra do Paraguai, se recusou a se aposentar e serviu até os 113 anos". Foco no Fato. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
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  97. ^ Associated Press (September 1929). "Mexican War's Last Survivor, 98, is Dead". The Dallas Morning News.
  98. ^ "Last Mexican Veteran Of War With U. S. Dies". The Evening News. Feb 6, 1928 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ^ a b "Százkét éves korában influenzában meghalt a legutolsó negyvennyolcas honvéd". Huszadik Század. March 1929. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
  100. ^ "Wolverhampton says goodbye to a century-old soldier". Black Country Bugle. 24 November 2005. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
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  103. ^ Das Echo: Mit Beiblatt Deutsche Export Revue. Wochenzeitung Für Politik, Literatur, Export und Import (in German). Vol. 49. Auslandverlag. 1930. p. 756.
  104. ^ Austin, Dr. Douglas J. (April 2011). "A Last Survivor Of The Crimean War?". The War Correspondent. 29 (1 ed.). Crimean War Research Society: 6–11. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
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  107. ^ "LAST SURVIVOR OF CRIMEA WAR DIES BUSTO ARSIZIO". The Sandusky Register. Sandusky, Ohio. 28 May 1930. Retrieved 30 September 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ^ "Hall of Fame: Balaclava Ned". BBC News. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
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  124. ^ Polston, Mike. "WILLIAM LOUDERMILK, THE LAST CONFEDERATE". Couch Genealogy. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  125. ^ 'George Washington Loudermilk's Ancestors." Aline Loudermilk Jones compiled this massive genealogy 2007. It is online. The 1930 census also gives him a birth date consistent with late 1847. Between 1949 and his death in 1952 three Arkansas newspapers and four nationwide papers and magazines gave his age as being consistent with a birth date of late 1847 and 'The New York Times' was specific. The stories were not syndicated.
  126. ^ "1900 US Census gives age as 49. The censuses give Loudermilk a wide range of ages, some make him younger than a decade before, other age him nineteen years in ten". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
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  128. ^ William Joshua Bush shows up as enlisted in Company B Ramah Guards, 14th Georgia Infantry where he served from July 1861 to his discharge that October. His service with the Georgia State Militia from October 1864 to their surrender in late April 1865 was also verified by the Georgia State Pensions in 1936 (see http://cdm.sos. state ga.us 2011/cdm/compoundobject collection/Testapps/id/149449/rec/1) apart from the muster rolls the adjutant-general verified his other documents. These include his soldier's card, a pay slip and his 1861 discharge. Between them these documents bear five different signatures. Bush may have also served in the 66th Georgia between August 1863 and October 1864.
  129. ^ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950". Sons of Confederate Veterans. 2005-08-05. Archived from the original on 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
  130. ^ "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950." Posted J. Block August 5th 2005. This article mentions the stated 1854/1855 census birthdate – and also the 1920 census birthdate for 1847–48. The censuses of 1910 1930 and 1940 also give 1840s birthdates. Life magazine in the May 30th issue on page 9 gives his age as 101. In The South's Last Boys in Gray Professor J S. Hoar lists twenty-two known enlisted Confederates under eleven. See pp1733-1734.
  131. ^ TennRebGirl.com 3/4/14 has him in a group photo at a 1913 Confederate reunion. In the 1930 census he affirmed both Civil War service and a birthdate in the later 1840s.
  132. ^ Townsend's 1861 enlistment in Company B. 27th Louisiana Infantry is recorded on their muster roll in Andrew B. Booth's Military Records of Louisiana Confederate Soldiers and Louisiana Confederate Commands. and also in the LouisianaInfantryDataBase. ancestry.com has six primary source documents in his name; an 1862 sickness furlough, a clothing allocation, a Vicksburg prisoner of war roll where he is listed and his signed parole.
  133. ^ In Professor Jay S. Hoar's The South's Last Boy's in Gray(page 1700) he states that Kiney lied about his age by three years so as to be old enough to enlist. The 1850 census gives his age as four and his birthplace as Bracken County Kentucky. The first names of his parents in that document match those in a 1991 letter to Professor Hoar written by Kiney's granddaughter.
  134. ^ This birthdate comes from the February 1991 article "The Great Imposters" by William Marvel and is also in the 1900 and 1920 censuses for a man who spells his name Kinney. This birthdate also appears in a March 1920 marriage record for a William A. Kiney of Indianapolis. Kiney lived in this city.
  135. ^ Kiney has three primary source records of his enlistments apart from records kept by his family. In Official Records it states that he was in 5th Regiment Kentucky Mounted Infantry. This enlistment is also mentioned in Kentucky Adjutant General's Report – Confederate Volunteers 1861–1865, Vol.1 page 254 entry 80, where Kiney's enlistment is dated on November 1st 1861. Wikipedia's entry on this unit states that they were disbanded in October 1862 and the troops were given a three way choice, discharge, reenlistment or joining the Kentucky Cavalry. Kiney went with the last option as he enlisted in Company l of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry on 18th November 1863. (This extract is from the book The 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA by John B. Wells & Jim Pritchard. See Roster of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA www.potterflats.com10thKyhtml) Professor Hoare's segment on Kiney in The South's Last Boys in Gray reproduces an excerpt of Lloyd B. Walton's article "He's a Man Even at 109" from The Indianapolis Times September 14th 1952. Here Kiney speaks of his Civil War experience, recalling that he was in most of the war and that Shiloh was his toughest fight. His tombstone has the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry inscribed as his unit. They are not known to have had a muster roll.
  136. ^ This information comes from the 1850 census. Later censuses give a wide range of dates.
  137. ^ "1910 Census gives age as 48". FamilySearch. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  138. ^ Thomas Evans Riddle is enlisted under his full name in the reproduced muster roll in Terry D. Lowry's History of the 22nd Virginia Infantry. He is also listed as just Thomas Riddle and in the same company in John C. Wayland's Muster Roll of Confederate Soldiers. He apparently transferred regiments for in Official Recordshe appears on the muster roll of Company I 33rd Virginia Infantry. John B. Sheets of that same company kept a diary where Thomas Riddle is mentioned on February 26th 1863. Against this evidence is the fact that Lowry cautions against believing Riddle and that some of Riddle's descendants warn that due to census information, he could not have served in the Civil War. See their website "Our Family" by David Autry.
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  262. ^ "War of Independence veteran dies aged 105". The Irish Times. 18 September 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  263. ^ Lingshen, Chen (1 January 2018). "他参加过抗日战争, 是国民革命军19路军唯一健在者, 现年105岁". SINA Corporation. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  264. ^ Marina, Diego Lopez (11 March 2016). "Last known Cristero soldier in Mexico dies at 103". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
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  268. ^ "广东112岁抗战老兵离世 生前常拉二胡演奏抗战歌曲" (in Chinese). Chinese News Network. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
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  273. ^ "Morre ultimo combatente da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932" (in Portuguese). Jornal da Cidade. 17 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  274. ^ "Morreu aos 105 anos e 19 dias Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy, uma mulher que viu, viveu e inspirou a história! Obrigado, seu exemplo vai seguir vivo". O Deda Questão (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  275. ^ "Itapira comemora com altivez os 81 anos da Revolução" (in Portuguese). Portal Cidade de Itapira. 9 July 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  276. ^ "Último combatente de Campinas da Revolução de 32 morre aos 104 anos" (in Portuguese). G1 Campinas e Região. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
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  282. ^ "史海钩沉：108岁涂通今教授与章翔教授的十七封书信". k.sina.cn. June 24, 2022.
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  284. ^ "Miquel Morera: "Havia de morir al camp de concentració"" (in Catalan). Diari ARA. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  285. ^ "Eulogio Dorta, vecino de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, cumplirá 105 años de lucidez y buena salud" (in Spanish). Diario de avisos. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  286. ^ "Muere Mateo Balbuena, el último combatiente de Euzkadiko Gudarostea" (in Basque). Deia.eus. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
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  288. ^ "Fallece en Gijón a los 105 años Maricuela, histórica del PSOE asturiano" (in Spanish). La Nueva España. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
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