Circle, Alaska
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Circle
Danzhit Khànląįį | |
|---|---|
.jpg) View of Circle in 1941 | |
 Location of Circle, Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 65°49′31″N 144°03′43″W / 65.82528°N 144.06194°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Yukon-Koyukuk |
| Government | |
| • State senator | Click Bishop (R) |
| • State rep. | Mike Cronk (R) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 106.58 sq mi (276.04 km2) |
| • Land | 106.04 sq mi (274.64 km2) |
| • Water | 0.54 sq mi (1.40 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 91 |
| • Density | 0.86/sq mi (0.33/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| ZIP code | 99733 |
| Area code | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-14880 |
Circle (also called Circle City; Gwichʼin: Danzhit Khànląįį)[2][pronunciation?] is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 91, down from 104 in 2010.
Circle is 160 mi (260 km) northeast of Fairbanks at the end of the Steese Highway along the Yukon River. Circle was named by miners in the late 19th century who believed that the town was on the Arctic Circle, but the Arctic Circle is about 50 mi (80 km) north of Circle. Circle used to be an active freight hub for many villages along the Yukon.
Every February, Circle City hosts a checkpoint for the long-distance Yukon Quest sled dog race.
There is only one general store, Hutchinson Commercial, which also sells alcohol and houses the only fuel pump in town. The price of fuel is generally 35-40% higher than prices in Fairbanks.
Many of the events in John McPhee's 1976 non-fiction book Coming into the Country occur in Circle.
In Truman Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood, Perry Edward Smith mentions spending time with his father in Circle City.
Geography
[edit]Circle is located at 65°50′4″N 144°4′35″W / 65.83444°N 144.07639°W (65.834464, -144.076392).[3]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 108.2 square miles (280 km2), of which 107.7 square miles (279 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) (0.50%) is water.
Climate
[edit]According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Circle has a subarctic climate, abbreviated "Dfc" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Circle was 94 °F (34.4 °C) on July 25, 1955, and June 26, 2004, while the coldest temperature recorded was −60 °F (−51.1 °C) on December 15, 1946, January 23, 1951, January 19, 1952, December 24, 1961, December 28–20, 1961 and January 18, 1971.[4]
| Climate data for Circle, Alaska (Circle Hot Springs), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1935–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 49 (9) |
51 (11) |
53 (12) |
68 (20) |
90 (32) |
94 (34) |
94 (34) |
88 (31) |
78 (26) |
71 (22) |
51 (11) |
46 (8) |
94 (34) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 24.9 (−3.9) |
30.1 (−1.1) |
35.9 (2.2) |
57.5 (14.2) |
75.3 (24.1) |
83.4 (28.6) |
83.9 (28.8) |
78.9 (26.1) |
67.2 (19.6) |
48.8 (9.3) |
26.6 (−3.0) |
24.4 (−4.2) |
85.9 (29.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | −8.6 (−22.6) |
0.5 (−17.5) |
14.7 (−9.6) |
39.5 (4.2) |
58.9 (14.9) |
71.1 (21.7) |
72.4 (22.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
52.2 (11.2) |
27.4 (−2.6) |
3.9 (−15.6) |
−4.5 (−20.3) |
32.7 (0.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | −15.6 (−26.4) |
−9.2 (−22.9) |
0.9 (−17.3) |
25.3 (−3.7) |
44.9 (7.2) |
56.4 (13.6) |
58.9 (14.9) |
51.8 (11.0) |
40.0 (4.4) |
18.8 (−7.3) |
−4.1 (−20.1) |
−12.1 (−24.5) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −22.6 (−30.3) |
−18.9 (−28.3) |
−13.0 (−25.0) |
11.0 (−11.7) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
42.6 (5.9) |
45.4 (7.4) |
38.9 (3.8) |
27.9 (−2.3) |
10.2 (−12.1) |
−12.2 (−24.6) |
−19.8 (−28.8) |
10.0 (−12.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −49.0 (−45.0) |
−45.5 (−43.1) |
−35.1 (−37.3) |
−16.5 (−26.9) |
16.7 (−8.5) |
30.7 (−0.7) |
32.7 (0.4) |
24.6 (−4.1) |
13.1 (−10.5) |
−7.1 (−21.7) |
−31.3 (−35.2) |
−39.8 (−39.9) |
−50.6 (−45.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −60 (−51) |
−58 (−50) |
−44 (−42) |
−33 (−36) |
−8 (−22) |
19 (−7) |
25 (−4) |
19 (−7) |
−5 (−21) |
−41 (−41) |
−45 (−43) |
−60 (−51) |
−60 (−51) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.44 (11) |
0.32 (8.1) |
0.17 (4.3) |
0.25 (6.4) |
0.71 (18) |
2.64 (67) |
2.61 (66) |
1.80 (46) |
1.35 (34) |
0.84 (21) |
0.44 (11) |
0.48 (12) |
12.05 (304.8) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 8.8 (22) |
6.3 (16) |
3.5 (8.9) |
2.5 (6.4) |
2.7 (6.9) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.3 (3.3) |
8.9 (23) |
8.0 (20) |
7.9 (20) |
49.9 (126.5) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 19.5 (50) |
20.3 (52) |
21.3 (54) |
21.6 (55) |
8.4 (21) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
2.4 (6.1) |
8.2 (21) |
11.5 (29) |
14.7 (37) |
21.6 (55) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.0 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 13.0 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 89.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 9.8 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 7.6 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 53.4 |
| Source 1: NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 242 | — | |
| 1910 | 144 | −40.5% | |
| 1920 | 96 | −33.3% | |
| 1930 | 50 | −47.9% | |
| 1940 | 98 | 96.0% | |
| 1950 | 83 | −15.3% | |
| 1960 | 41 | −50.6% | |
| 1970 | 54 | 31.7% | |
| 1980 | 81 | 50.0% | |
| 1990 | 73 | −9.9% | |
| 2000 | 100 | 37.0% | |
| 2010 | 104 | 4.0% | |
| 2020 | 91 | −12.5% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[6] | |||
Circle first appeared on the 1900 U.S. Census as "Circle City," although it was an unincorporated village. Its name was shortened to Circle for the 1910 census. It was made a census-designated place in 1980.
At the 2000 census,[7] there were 100 people, 34 households and 22 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.9 inhabitants per square mile (0.35/km2). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 0.4 per square mile (0.15/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 14.00% White, 76.00% Native American, 1.00% from other races, and 9.00% from two or more races. 4.00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 34 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 11.8% were married couples living together, 32.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.48.
29.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.2 males.
The median household income was $11,667, and the median family income was $11,250. Males had a median income of $0 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,426. There were 50.0% of families and 42.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 57.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
History
[edit]Circle was established in 1893 when gold was discovered in Birch Creek;[8] it served as an unloading point for supplies shipped up the Yukon River from the Bering Sea. The goods were sent overland to gold mining camps. In 1896, before the Klondike Gold Rush, Circle was the largest mining town on the Yukon River and had a population of 700. It had a store, a few dance halls, an opera house, a library, a school, a hospital, an American Episcopal church, a newspaper, a mill, and several federal officials: United States commissioner, marshal, customs inspector, tax collector and a postmaster.[9]
Circle lost much of its population after gold discoveries in the Klondike in 1897, and Nome in 1899. A few miners stayed near Circle. Mining in the area has continued into the 21st century. Most of the residents of Circle today are Athabascan.
Education
[edit]Yukon Flats School District operates the Circle School.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Alaska Native Place Names - Alaska Native Language Archive".
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ a b "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Fairbanks". National Weather Service. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Circle Hot Springs, AK". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ Haycox, Stephen, Alaska: An American Colony (University of Washington Press, 2002), pp. 201-02.
- ^ "Circle". Tanana Chiefs Conference. January 22, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
- ^ "Mailing Addresses and Contact Information Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine." Yukon Flats School District. Retrieved on December 4, 2016.
Municipalities and communities of Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  | |
| CDPs | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
